Pain

Question 1

pain threshold

Answer 1

point where the stimuli causes pain

Question 2

pain tolerance

Answer 2

how much of a stimuli is willing to accept

Question 3

3 factors that influence pain

Answer 3

social, biological, psychological

Question 4

acute vs. chronic pain

Answer 4

acute: anticipated end; less than 6 months
chronic: constant/recurring; lasts longer than 6 months

Question 5

nociceptive vs. neuropathic pain

Answer 5

nociceptive: pain from tissue, organ, damaged part of body
neuropathic pain: from somatosensory system; nerve pain, no tissue damage

Question 6

cancer pain

Answer 6

tumor, bone, treatment-associated pains

Question 7

malpractice

Answer 7

negligent act performed by a professional

Question 8

negligence

Answer 8

failing to perfom in a reasonable manner; anyone

Question 9

beneficence

Answer 9

doing good and acting in the best interest of the client

Question 10

nonmaleficence

Answer 10

doing no or least amount of harm to the client, while trying to achieve the best outcome

Question 11

justice

Answer 11

treating all clients fairly and equally

Question 12

morality

Answer 12

sense of right and wrong or their personal values

Question 13

OPQRST mnemonic

Answer 13

Onset
Precipitating cause
Quality
Region
Severity
Timing

Question 14

Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale

Answer 14

faces, words, numbers for children ages 3 and older

Question 15

what does the FLACC scale stand for?
what is it used for?

Answer 15

face, legs, activity, cry, consolability scale
used for children 2 months - 7 years and cognitively disabled

Question 16

how is FLACC scale used

Answer 16

observe for 1-5mins if awake, and 5 or more mins if asleep; rate from 0 (relaxed) to 2 (worst);
total score from 0-10

Question 17

what does the CRIES scale stand for?
what is it used for?

Answer 17

crying, requires oxygen, increased vital signs, expression, sleeplessness;
infants who were born at 38wks of gestation or greater or cognitively disabled individuals

Question 18

how is CRIES scale used

Answer 18

scored 0-2 for each category
total score from 0-10
greater than 4 -> further pain assessment should be completed
greater than 6 -> analgesics administered

Question 19

CRIES scale oxygen 1 vs 2

Answer 19

1: less than 30% O2 required
2: more than 30% O2 required

Question 20

CRIES scale bp and hr 1 vs 2

Answer 20

1: increased less than 20% of baseline
2: increased more than 20% over baseline

Question 21

CRIES scale expression 1 vs 2

Answer 21

1: grimace present
2: grimace and non-cry vocalization grunt

Question 22

CRIES scale sleeplessness 1 vs 2

Answer 22

1: awakened at frequent intervals
2: awake constantly

Question 23

what does the nonverbal pain scale (NVPS) include

Answer 23

face, activity, guarding, physiologic I (vital signs), physiologic II(RR)

Question 24

NVPS vs. R-NVPS

Answer 24

revised switched physiologic II with respiratory

Question 25

cutaneous stimulation

Answer 25

heat/cold therapy, massage, accupuncture, acupressure, transcutaneous electronic stimulation (TENS)

Question 26

3 types of opioids

Answer 26

natural, semisynthetic, synthetic

Question 27

natural opioids

Answer 27

codeine, morphine

Question 28

semisynthetic opiods

Answer 28

heroin, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone

Question 29

synthetic opiods

Answer 29

fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, tramadol

Question 30

adjuvant analgesics

Answer 30

make opioids work better - antidepressants, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, bisphosphates

Question 31

SBIRT mnemonic for opioid addiction screening

Answer 31

Screening
Brief Intervention
Referral to Treatment