Violence in sport Flashcards
What causes a performer to be violent in sport?
W - Win ethic and high rewards for success.
I - Importance of the event.
N - Nature of the sport.
N - National governing bodies are too lenient with their punishments.
E - Emotions/Excitement.
R - Refereeing decisions leading to frustration.
Strategies for preventing performer violence in sport (coach use)
1 - Punishing performers who are aggressive, even if they are not punished by the official at the time for example diners or suspensions. If a manager tells a player who is overly aggressive to leave the club this helps to show the other players that aggressive actions will not be tolerated.
2 - Substituting the player/losing their place in the team.
3 - Educating players about aggression and giving them methods to control it E.g - deep breathing.
4 - Positively reinforcing the performance of non-aggressive players and giving them praise.
5 - Having players agree to behaviour contracts.
6 - Fine the player or pushing them at training e.g - suicide runs.
Strategies for preventing performer violence in sport. - National governing bodies.
1 - Supporting the decisions of match officials when dealing with violence by performers by using a TMO to check decisions being made, changing/clarifying rules on violent acts and training officials to develop the necessary skills to diffuse these situations.
2 - Punishing violence by performers missed by officials after the match by using video evidence.
3 - Use of post-match video evidence where individuals have been citied by referees as performing violent actions worthy of further investigations.
4 - Promoting performers with good disciplinary records as positive role models in their sport.
5 - Imposing harsh punishments for violent actions on the field of play. e.g - long bans/heavy fines.
6 - Introducing education campaigns/awards linked to Fair Play e.g - the FA’s Respect Campaign.
What are the causes of spectator violence In sport?
1 - Emotional intensity and the ritual importance of the event e.g - local derby.
2 - Too much alcohol and the ‘highs’ caused by drug taking.
3 - Pre-match media hype stirring up tensions between rival fans.
4 - Poor policing, stewarding and crowd control.
5 - Religious discord - Rangers vs Celtic
6 - Violence by younger males is sometimes used as a display of masculinity caused by an adrenaline rush when attending a match.
7 - Violence by players on the pitch is reflected in the crowd.
8 - Organised violence as part of a gang and peer pressure to get involved in violence.
What are the possible solutions and strategies to combat spectator violence in sport?
1 - Ban on or control of alcohol sales - pub ban prior to games.
2 - Increased use of police intelligence and improved liaison between forces across the country to gather information on known or potential hooligans.
3 - Improving tougher deterrents like bans from matches, higher fines and prosecution/imprisinment for violent offenders, banning individuals from travelling abroad.
4 - Using CCTV around stadiums to identify and then eject or arrest individuals for crowd disorder.
5 - Removal of terraces, building of ‘all-seater’ stadiums, segregation of fans, and family sones to create a better, ‘more civilised’ atmosphere at the football matches, promoting tensions between rival fans.
6 - Playing games at kick-off times imposed by the police.
7 - Passing specific laws preventing ‘trespass’ onto the pitch to try to stop pitch invasions and potential clashes between rival rival fans in the ground.
Consequences of crowd/spectator violence.
1 - Decreases the amount of people attending matches (especially families)
2 - Decrease the amount of sponsorships and money being used to fund the sport.
3 - Family and supporters may be banned from travelling to games - opposition club may not offer as many tickets to limit the amount of spectators. Makes crowd control easier.
4 - Consequences of violent spectators is that it could affect the reputation and relationship of a particular country with other countries impacting their chances at hosting future competitions such as world cups.
Little essay about violence in sport.
Violence is a part in sport from both the spectators side and also the performers side. Firstly, one reason why there is violence in sport from the performer is due to their being a win ethic and high rewards for success. This is because, emotions can run high when there is bigger rewards on certain games such as winning big competitions and also financial gain. A second reason that the performer may use violence is due to the importance of the game. Naturally, the more important the game is the more emotional you may become. Consequently this may negatively affect your decision making resulting in you making bad decisions such as committing violent actions. However, there are strategies that a coach may use to keep individuals calm and collected when in these situations. Firstly, the coach may externally punish the individual even if they have not been punished by the official referee of the match. Therefore, things such as fines, missing training sessions or extra runs may be used by the coach to show that this type of behaviour is wrong and should not be used. A second strategy a coach may use is also substituting the player or dropping them from the team for the following game. Similarly, substituting them may also be a strategic method due to the player already on a warning and could result in the team going a man down. Consequently, they will be substituted so they do not officially miss the following match. On the other hand, national governing bodies may also use strategies to minimise the amount of violence in the game. For example, one strategy may be supporting the match official decisions when dealing with violence from performers by using a TMO to check the decisions being made, changing/clarifying rules on violent acts and training officials to develop the necessary skills to diffuse there situation. A second Strategy that National Governing Bodies may use is punishing violence by performers missed by officials after matches by using vide evidence. Therefore, this makes performs think a lot more about their actions before doing something that could result in a ban from external individuals and not ones officially referring the game. As previously, mentioned violence can also occur from spectators and is often how riots are caused after games. One cause of spectator violence is due to their emotional state in the game. This is because, the individual may have a certain bet win the game and due to his team losing it can result in him becoming angry and causing violence to the oppositions fans. A second reason why violence may occur from spectators is due to too much alcohol and the ‘highs’ from recreational drug use. This is because, now a days things such as drinking and getting drunk before football matches is seen as normal and can often affect you emotional state and outlook on certain situations. Therefore, if your emotional state has changed it can result in you wanting to be violent towards the opposition or even your own fan base. Likewise, there are strategies and possible solutions to limit the amount of violence and incidents caused by spectators. The first strategy used is to ban or control the amount of alcohol sales in the area which therefore, minimises the amount of people becoming drunk and affected by alcohol. In particular, banning certain pubs prior to the game. a second, strategy used is to have increased use of police intelligence and improved liaison between forces across the country to gather information on known or potential hooligans, Therefore, they may be able to stop certain actions and situations happening at source causing less of a reaction by opposition fans. Similarly, this means they can plan accordingly and therefore, also plan the safest route for potential travelling fans which have travelled to watch the game.
