The impact of sport on society and of society on sport Flashcards
What are the two main concerns of how sociology can be viewed.
1 - Examining interactions and interdependence, i.e the way people live in groups within society and therefore interact with others throughout their everyday lives.
2 - Examining how human behaviour becomes controlled, e.g. via family members, friends, schools, etc.
What is the definition of society?
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
What is the definition of socialisation?
A lifelong process where members of a society learns its norms, values ideas practices and roles in order to take their place in that society.
What is the definition of Internalisation?
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.
What are the two roles socialisation can be broken down into.
1 - Primary
2 - Secondary
What does Primary socialisation refer to?
1 - This refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly within the immediate family (i.e. mother, father, brothers, sisters)
2 - A key process involved at this stage is the internalisation of a society’s culture where individuals absorb and accept its the shared norms and values.
3 - The nature of living in society is such that people are constantly communicating within a group among family and close friends.
4 - Much of the early basic socialisation occurs as a young child when families and friends teach basic values and accepted behaviour patterns.
What is secondary socialisation?
1 - This occurs during the later years (e.g as teenagers and adults) when the family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ are deliberately set up for the socialisation process and begin to exert more and more influence (e.g, peer groups, friends and school).
2 - School is an important part of development, for example it can help with the socialisation process by teaching important moral skills such as co-operation, teamwork and learning to take responsibility for one’s own actions.
What is Gender Socialisation?
The act of learning conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation.
1- Involves the learning of behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex.
‘Boys learn to be boys’ and ‘Girls learn to be girls’
Via the many different agents of socialisation, including:
1- Friends
2- Family
3- School
4- College
5- Mass media.
What is Social Control?
A concept that refers to the way in which peoples thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviours are regulated in social system.
1- Society is made up of various institutions, with the family viewed as the most basic unit. These institutions work together for the benefit of society, undertaking a variety of ‘social processes’ to ensure socialisation into society, maintaining order and social control.
2- In society there are various social processes at work which act as constraints and potentially limit the opportunities to become involved in sport.
3- Historically, our society has been male dominated, with restrictions placed on women engaging in sport.
4 - Nowadays, the constraints are less pronounced, however milder forms of social control exist in form of what is deemed to be gender appropriate behaviour.
5 - For example: male partner might persuade women to limit their physical activity to what they view as ‘respectable’ and therefore ‘socially acceptable’’ So they might choose badminton over boxing or aerobics over rugby.
What is an institution?
An established organisation founded for religious, educational, professional or social purpose.
What is social change?
An alteration in the social order of a society.
1- Sport England Active People Survey (803-902) indicates that 40.6 percent of men compared to 30.7 percent of women took part in sport at least once a week.
2- This confirms the sport participation inequalities existing when comparing women to men.
3- It is very difficult for any social group to bring about change without having strong influences in the decision making groups ie local councils and national governing bodies.
4- SOCIAL Change when institutions re-adjust to meet ‘new needs’ of groups in society such as women.
Ways in which different people could impact the type of sport involved in? (Social Control)
1- Rule out certain sports requiring muscular development which is seen as unfeminine e.g boxing, weight lifting and rugby.
2- Social control from peers or the media to look ‘feminine’ and maintain a slim appearance.
3- A lack of free time compared to men and lower disposable income can also act as agents of social control decrease the opportunities for women to involve themselves in regular healthy sporting activity.
4- Women are made to feel guilty about leaving a young baby and therefore tend to give up previous active leisure.
Examples of Social Change.
1- Gender inequalities - Creches to allow women to use the gym.
2- Ethnic Inequalities - Certain ethnic groups suffer from a focus on academia and work rather than sport (Indians/Pakistanis)
3- Disabled Inequalities.
4- Socio-economic inequalities
‘Cricket for change’ is an example of a UK charity that try to provide opportunities for disadvantaged children.
One of its programmes - ‘Street Chance’ aims to inspire cricket players in areas of social deprivation and promote mutual respect and enhance relationships within the wider community by providing free structured community cricket (8-15 Year Olds)
Main causes of inequality are -
1- Lack of money/cost of participation
2- Lack of self confidence/self esteem
3- Lack of role models / coaches / leaders or people of responsibility.
4 - Myths or Stereotypes about ability-women, ethnic minorities, or disabled people.
Memory Tool
M- Money
R- Roles Models
M- Myths
C- Confidence
