Sport and Society and the roles of technology in physical activity and sport Flashcards
What are the key characteristics of physical recreation?
1 - It is fun: non-serious, and informal.
2 - Physically energetic.
3 - Participating is a matter of choice.
4 - Tends to involve adults at participation level of the sporting development continuum.
5 - Flexible in nature, rules can be adjusted.
6 - Self - officiated.
How does physical recreation help society?
1 - Increased health and fitness helps reduce strain on the NHS and lowers obesity rates.
2 - Helps increase social cohesion due to many communities mixing.
3 - Increase in employment and economic benefit when more people use facilities and buy equipment.
4 - A more positive use of free time by individuals increases social control and decreases crime statistics.
5 - Increased skills level occur at the participation stage, this can lead to more individuals progressing through to performance levels.
What are the key characteristics of PE?
1 - It is compulsory
2 - It involves formally taught lessons.
3 - It has four Key Stages as part of the national curriculum from ages 5-16.
4 - It begins at primary school ‘foundation level’.
5 - Teachers are in charge and deliver lessons.
6 - Lessons are pre-planned and highly structured.
7 - It is in school time.
What are the functions of PE to society?
1 - Improves social skills.
2 - Helps reduce obesity and improve the fitness of student.
3 - Allows the education of different sports from different cultures.
4 - Provides recreation and hobbies which keeps people out of trouble.
What are the functions of PE to the individual?
1 - The development of health and fitness, positive attitudes, healthy lifestyles.
2 - Provides opportunities for increased participation in a variety of activities.
3 - Developing and improving a range of physical skills and competencies.
4 - Development of personal and social skills - teamwork, communication, leadership.
5 - Helps develop problem solving skills, decision making and creativity.
6 - Develops self analysis skills.
What are the key characteristics of sport (SPORT)?
1 - It is highly structured and has set rules/strict rules.
2 - It involves use of specialist equipment.
3 - Officials are present who are trained or appointed by NGBs to enforce rules.
4 - Strategies and tactics are involved to try outwit opponents and win.
5 - Rewards are received as a result of success.- intrinsic or extrinsic.
6 - High levels of commitment/ strict training.
7 - It is serious and competitive.
What are the functions of Sport to society SSSEEE?
1 - Strain on the NHS is reduced.
2 - Social control is increased.
3 - Social integration is increased, along with community cohesion.
4 - Employment opportunities increase.
5 - Economic benefits results.
6 - Equality of opportunity via ‘sports participation’ for all.
What are the functions of sport to the individual?
1 - Helps improve their health and fitness.
2 - Self-confidence often increases as a result of skill improvement and success.
3 - Provides social opportunities.
4 - Participation in sports can help develop positive sporting morals and attitudes. e.g s- sportsmanship.
What is Outdoor Education?
Activities which take place in the natural environment and utilise nature/ geographical resources such as mountains, river, lakes etc.
For example - Rock climbing and orienteering.
What does LEADS stand for?
L - Leadership skills.
E - Excitement/ adrenaline rush.
A - Appreciation of the natural environment,
D - Decision making.
S - Social skills/self esteem.
What are the objectives of outdoor and adventurous activities?
1 - Knowledge pf/ respect for natural environment.
2 - Awareness of safety - perceived risk only.
3 - Teamwork.
4 - Social/ communication skills.
5 - Leadership skills.
6 - Self discovery/ self - esteem
7 - Knowledge of/ respect for natural environment.
What are the differences between Physical recreation and Sport?
Firstly, physical recreation is available to people of all abilities and focuses mainly on participation levels rather than the winning outcome. Therefore, there is a varied effort and commitment across the group who have been enrolled on the team. However, in sport the team is more selective and the main emphasis is on winning. As a result, this means there will be a high level of commitment and highly competitive throughout the group due to there being competition for places. As well as this the rule structure of physical recreation can be modified to fit the personal in the team for example, timings and the number of people involved meaning there could be an overload on one team. In contrasts to sport there are set rules which cannot be changed even if the team are in a difficult situation. This links well with the regulations. This is because, in physical recreation the activity can be self-officiated due to the main outcome being on improving things such as social skills rather than winning. However, in comparison to sport there are external officials who would be paid to enforce the rules due to there being more on the line. Consequently, if these external officials do not referee the match accordingly they will be judged by another external source resulting in them potentially not being able to referee at that level for a period of time. Finally, in physical recreation the rewards become more intrinsic due. Consequently, this could mean a lack of enthusiasm from the players who turn up to training. As well as this basic equipment and clothing worn by individuals would not be to the greatest level. This is because, maximal performance is not the overall goal. On the other hand, when looking at sport it is based more on extrinsic rewards due to things such as trophy’s being awarded to you when winning competitions. Similarly, the level of skill and fitness will be much greater while also performing in better clothing with better equipment. As a result, this really allows them to maximise performance.
Functions of physical recreation to the individual
1 - Helps people socialise
2 - Provides people with a sense of fun and enjoyment due to relaxed environment.
3 - Emphasis on taking part at your own level and pace.
4 - Regular participation in physical recreation which increases health and fitness.
Comparison between physical recreation and PE?
Firstly, physical recreation is available to all and mainly focuses on participation with their being. variety of effort and commitment from some people. Consequently, this can make it difficult for coaches to put on quality sessions due to them not always having a consistent amount of numbers when executing certain drills. On the other hand, PE is compulsory for every student due to there being strict rules from the government that students must participate in at least an hour and a half of physical education each week. Similarly, although this is compulsory some students may lack motivation and may refuse to participate making it very hard for the teacher. As a result, session planning may not always go to plan. Secondly, physical recreation takes part in a persons free time whereas PE must take part in school time. Thirdly, physical recreation is informal and very relaxed. However, PE comes from formal teachers who are payed to provide professional opinions and provide high quality of sessions. When talking about the regulations in PE the teacher is in charge of the class and has full responsibility. On the other hand, with physical recreation participants control themselves and it is very much self-regulated. Consequently, it can be hard to motivated yourself due to you having to do everything for yourself. Similarly, PE teachers can offer additional leadership skills by allowing the pupils to control their own practice. Finally, Physical recreation is structured on however many people turn up and is very simple. This is because, it is very difficult to plan sessions far in advance when you are not sure on the amount of numbers you will have. However, PE is highly structured and the foundations are built from a primary school level.
(steer away from extra curriculum recreation)
(Physical Recreation more about exercise and ‘banter’)
(Participation and having a laugh)
Comparison between national curriculum, PE and School Sport?
Firstly, National Curriculum PE is in lesson time and is incorporated in curriculum time. Therefore, this means it is just as important as a maths and English lesson and has to be completed. On the other hand, School Sport is in free time and is part of the extra curricular. Secondly, National Curriculum PE is compulsory meaning students must take part in it unless they have health problems inhibiting them from from taking part. On the other hand, School Sport is the students choice and is very much whether or not you volunteer to take part or not. Therefore, this means it is very relaxed and doesn’t matter whether you turn up every week or every other week. Thirdly, National Curriculum PE is eligible for all people no matter your ability . However, school sport is for the chosen few who are good enough to represent the school at the highest level. Consequently, this means the main emphasis is on winning meaning the team may not change consistently. As a result, people may become confused and frustrated due to a lack of game time. On the other hand, National Curriculum PE emphasis on taking part and does not matter on the overall outcome. As a result, this means people can enjoy the activity a lot more. Similarly, this means that it will be mainly teacher led due to them being able to encourage other students. However, school sport means that coaches will be involved due to it being a lot more professional. Consequently, this means that things such as standards are a lot more important as without them you risk losing your place due to the coach having the final say. Finally, the National Curriculum PE specification has a wide variety of activities to experience which will be changed every 5 or 6 weeks. However, school sport is mainly specialised sports meaning that the school will only really focus on these sports outside of the normal curriculum. For example, in the winter it could be sports such as football and basketball whereas in the summer it would be more athletics and cricket.
