Extra practice - Ryan Flashcards
Differences between the two classes - upper and lower? pre-industrial
Upper class - Short working hours
More time for sport
Skill set was much greater - Type of sport real tennis
Higher wealth so could afford transport
literate - could read and write rules
Maintained the amateur status
Also often owned or inherited land which they could built facilities on.
Sometimes sponsored the lower class
Lower class - Long working hours
Little time for sport - holy days
Typically played more MOB games due to it being violent (MOB football)
They were usually the professionals because they got payed to play.
Difference between MOB football and Real Tennis
MOB Football -
Male dominated
very little rules
Over large areas (used lots of space) but in local fields
Violent
Was usually localised to local town rivals
Played on holy days
Real Tennis -
Lots of rules and regulations
Needed a high skill set to play
Played often in purposefully built facilities
Played across the country - afford to travel
Strict moral codes, played to a high standard (reflected how they lived in society)
Required specialist equipment
Analyse the impact education had on participation in sport during pre-industrial (pre-1780) Britain.
Upper class were literate
could enforce rules
complex rules
Lower class -
illiterate
very little rules and regulations
Behaviour was worse
activities were simple to understand
worked on a farm
lived on a farm
In post-industrial Britain, how did the structure of social classes change
Middle class was formed due to national governing bodies
Urbanisation also occurred meaning the upper class and lower class typically worked closer together
Emergence of the middle classes as well as the upper class
Define an amateur and give some characteristics of amateur athletes.
An amateur is someone who plays sport for the fun of it and receives no financial gain
Characteristics include -
Typically upper class/middle class
Played real tennis
Had lots of spare time so could play whenever
Higher moral code
Will be literate - come from nicer background
Have spare time to dedicate to sport
Define a professional and give some characteristic of professional athletes
A professional is someone who plays sport for financial gain by consistently taking part in sport.
Characteristics include -
Typically lower class as they needed the money
Sometimes worked for the upper classes
Typically participated in Foot running (later on wedlock games)
Payed to play sport such as football
Played for the factory - got payed extra to do so
Tended to become better athletes because they wanted to play so they could get more money.
Outline the negative impact that the industrial revolution had on sports participation?
Little greenery - so lack of space (due to urbanisation - everyone moving to the city)
Decreased participation levels for a short period of time
Lower class didn’t have access to purposeful built facilities due to it being more for the upper class.
Discouraged from playing MOB games - laws and rules came in because people were getting hurt
Smoke of factories - living conditions so people became ill so couldn’t participate in sport.
Describe how availability of time and changing working conditions affected sports participation in post-insdustrial Britain.
Factory owners gave more time to the working colleagues for them to play sport - Were given Sunday off but still long hours.
As time went on they were also given half days.
Increased working conditions meant that hygiene improved - therefore, less people became ill. However, in the early stages the hygiene was poor.
Increased leisure time
Also performer better in the work - make the owner more money.
How lawn tennis reflected the changes in gender status and education/literacy.
Was the first sport where women were properly introduced to due to it not being as v violent
It increased participation in the sport
There was a set of rules for both the females and males - No discrimination of the sport (stereotyping )
Vehicle of the breaking of women play sport (The sports itself)
Women had a high level of education
Identify one key transport advancement and describe its effects of sports participation, alongside improving communications.
One key transport advancement is the improved introduction of steam trains. Therefore, this meant that transport was accessible to the lower, middle and upperclass. As well as this it mean that fixtures could be played across the whole country meaning that games were not localised creating greater rivalries. As well as this communications also improved meaning that fixture were not only created through word of mouth. This is because, m the introduction of newspapers were implemented meaning a wide audience of people could know about the game. Consequently, by having good communication and cheap transport it meant that it encouraged people to come down and spectate matches.
Also meant that there was more structure for things such as tournaments.
Identify two individuals who helped spread the development of sport through the British empire
Officers (army)- Conquered different countries so there was officers who would spectate different sports. Then brought it back to England. These officers would have also been from the middle classes.
Clergy - People of the church who would have also taken it abroad. Promoting it in local communities
Diplomats - regularly travelled taking sports across different countries.
Teachers - education improved so primary school teachers tended to spread the word of sport.
Factor owners - Developing teams
How did amateur and professional statuses change in sport during the twentieth century?
In the twentieth century amateur athletes began to receive financial gain from sport due to there being a lot more money in sports such as football. Therefore, professionals also experienced greater wages. Another way the statuses changed was that there was a variety of people in the upper, lower and middle classes who were both amateurs and professionals. This compares to the earlier centuries where professionals were usually from the lower class and amateurs from the upper class.
Increases in morals and characteristics in sport
Amateurs got funding through charities (How they got their money)
Amateurs used to be the more skilled athletes and now the professionals are more skilled
based.
What is globalisation?
The international development of a sport. Likewise, it also meant that different sports were played across a wide variety of countries.
Different sections of the golden triangle and how they all link?
Media
sport
Sponsorship
All these factors use each other to get capital gain from one another
Explain how and why gender role changed in the twentieth-century Britain and the effect this had on sport.
Women were a massive part in us winning the war meaning they were seen more. (World war 1) Increase level of skill for women after the war
Women began to have more role models meaning that more women wanted to participate.
Increased participation in sport
Less stereotypes
Seen as a stronger race - became more acceptable for them to participate in sport.
