Exam practice (paper 2) Flashcards
PE triangle
Sport - playing against other schools, netball fixture
Education - the structure and developing of planned teaching lessons that is built into the national curriculum
Recreation - Playing/participating in sport in your own free time
Has three different factors as listed above ^ need to give examples and describe them if asked a question
Similarities between Physical recreation vs sport
Competition
Both getting involved
Increase participation
Increased performances
Notes on the world class performance programs
Help to maximise high quality coaching
Main idea is to increase the chance of more medals at the Olympics and Paralympics
Also supplies sports science education and medical support
Funding from the UK lottery funding and then they dish it out
Three distinguished stages
Talent - coaches given funding to help develop the performer.
Podium potential - Athletes who have a chance of winning something in 8 years
Podium - Athletes who have a high chance of winning in 4 years (highest level of funding
What is the gold events series
A list of different places that could host potential future olympic and Paralympic Games
Country was given en funding to do so
The list of hosts would be in relation to UK sports main philosophies
Aim to bring a minimum of 100 internationals (made initiative to come into the UK)
Made to bring the most popular sports in
Increase tourism - flight and hotels increase
Putting together bids to bring more exposure - Increase facilities for other people (West Ham Olympic stadium)
Benefit sports in the longer run
Outline key points of Talent ID and Development
Athletes participating in potential physical testing for them to be recognised as if they are potential contenders for winning medals
Also scouting - Selecting and identifying the best talents
By recognising them earlier it means a greater length they will have with high quality coaches
High quality coaching
High quality facilities
Funding for equipment such as hockey sticks, football boots.
Number of different stages of testing and performance measures - Best athletes go to the next level
Might get persuaded to change sport
Points for national governing bodies
Organising fixtures
organising Potential future events
Supply people with the best facilities
Scouting is also a factor
World class coaching
Produce a whole sport plan to increase participation in the sport - Every national governing body will have to do this
Points for national institute of sport
Helps with medicine and supplementation to maximise performers performance
Also educating people on illegal performance enhancing drugs
Sport England Sport Scotland, sport Wales, sport Northern island etc
Provide sports science information and education - All specialists
Podium potentials
Points for UK Sport
Receive funding from the national uk lottery
Help to split where the best way the money should go i.e development
Main idea is to bring more olympic and paraolymoic medals to the country
Work alongside the government
Encouraging greater morals and participation rates - getting morals across to the whole models
Name three illegal supplements used in sport
beta blockers
Anabolic steroids
EPO
Blood doping
Social and psychological reasons why an elite performer may use illegal drugs or doping methods
Social -
Body image
To fit in
Make it easier
Financial gain, Greater rewards
Psychological -
Pressure (beta blockers)
Peer pressure by coaches
If they have had previous success
Maintain success
Improve performance
Belief that some athletes may feel other people are doing it anyway so why shouldn’t they
Make them believe they have the edge
Change the way people act
Steroids make people aggressive
Identity ways that UK Anti-Doping and WADA are attempting to prevent doping in sport
Educating people on the side effects
Giving long term bans
Giving financial penalties
Been given funding to detect drug cheats - consist testing of other people (means less people will try)
Increase frequency of testing
Describe how education can be used to stop the use of illegal drugs in sport/
One way education can be used is by noting the potential side effects on your body in the future. Therefore, although they may see short term gain if they are not caught the long term punishment on their body could cause serious problems. Another way is by educating younger generations on what is acceptable and what isn’t. Due to their being a lot of supplements for sale now a days there are key organisations to help prevent the accidental taking of supplements. Known as informed sport.
Understanding of the consequences - fines/bans
Different campaigns in schools
Suggest some possible causes of sports performers demonstrating aggressive behaviour
Aggressive ques
The scenario - team may be losing in the later stages of the game
Officials may be inconsistent causing the player to release anger on the opposition
May be receiving abuse from the fans/spectators
Could be an important game
Local derby can lead to violent behaviour
Blocked from achieving a goal
May be learnt from coaches - think it is acceptable
History between players
Social media
Name the consequences of violent behaviour to the performer in the sport?
Long term bans
Financial penalty
Suspension from the club - potential loss of contract
Personal image is damaged
If it is intentional then opposition team may press charges
Sponsorships may be terminated
Injuries could occur - hinder people from ever playing again
Describe the reasons why spectators in sport can exhibit aggressive behaviour?
May have a bet on
Frustration towards the players
Frustration towards the officials - Referee may have made a poor decision
Opposition fans may be winding each other up
Social media build up to the game
Big Derbys - Rangers vs Celtic = Religion
Alcohol could lead to people making poor decisions
If watching violent sports they may copy similar behaviour patterns
MOB mentality
Outline the implications of violent behaviour for spectators and for the sport?
Spectators -
Long term bans
Punishment - i.e community work for the club
Financial punishment
Stripped of things such as season tickets
Bad reputation
Sport -
Bad reputation of the sport
Football vs Rugby - Level of respect
Less viewers
Less money in the sport
Less sponsorships
Violent sport may shadow potential role models
Examples of positive and negative deviance
Positive -
Train so hard that it leads to an injury - 1500m runner not resting between training sessions
Rugby player may play through an injury which makes it worse but so there team can get through to the final
Negative -
A footballer may hand ball the ball on purpose resulting in a goal which has put his team 1-0 up.
An individual may spot fine themselves - i.e purposefully getting a yellow card to gain money
Taking performance enhancing drugs
Basic cheating
How may players and spectators can be punished using sport legislation should they display deviant or unwanted behaviour
Bans
Financial penalty
Sponsorship loss
Legal action - prison sentence or community service
Anabolic steroids
Increase
Strength and power
Decrease recovery time - Train for longer and recover quicker
Negative -
Make you angry
Excessive hair growth
Severe acne
Could least to liver failure
Heart problems
Beta blockers
Could stop your heart from beating - can’t get the right amount of blood around the body
fatality
EPO what is it and what does it do?
Increases number of red blood cells - increase aerobic capacity
Could lead to blood clots and increase blood pressure
Blood clotting
Describe how written press and the internet have changed to cover sport
Greater broadcast of sport - through social media, newspapers, magazines, “news flash notifications on phones’
Compared to back in the day it was just newspapers and word of mouth - took longer to found out information.
Press also have a lot more time with performers, managers and the individual clubs themselves to write interesting stories.
More coverage
Magazines that are specifically targeted to specific sports
Local newspapers cover local teams (non-league)
impacts media can have on a performer
Positive -
Greater branding
Can get messages out very quickly
Allows them to create a relationship with the fans through things such as social media
Allows the performer to speak to a wide coverage of people
Will help to increase earnings - paid partnerships
Be a good role model to other people
Negative -
False stories - quickly spread about
Can cause a lot of stress for the performer
Increase stress in terms of private life of the performer
Increase pressure to perform well could increase risk of injury
Impacts the media can have on the audience
Positive -
Can help to change viewings
Gives the audience a greater understanding of what is going on in clubs
Allows them to feel more involved
Increase viewing opportunities
High level of income (sky - TNT sport)
Experience the audience get is a lot better (replay, different camera angles)
Negative -
Can create frustration between not only the media and audience but the team and audience.
Can increase chances of things such as protests
Too many sporting adverts and interviews between games can cause the sport to not be as interesting - turn off the game.
Hinder spectators of going to the stadium
Impacts media coverage has on individual sports
Positives -
Increase commercialisation (viewing)
Increase financial gain
Creates more people to wanting to take part
greater participation levels - Increase health of the nation (less stress on the NHS)
Negatives -
More money the club makes means players will be demanding higher salaries
Can cause stereotypes of certain sports (Certain sports being violent)
Teams who get higher coverage means that lower teams won’t get as much money compared to bigger clubs
Could lead to less people participating due to the stereotyping
Golden triangle in relation to Chelsea FC
Golden triangle is the use of sport, media and sponsorship through a club to increase financial gain.
For example, Chelsea has a high media coverage meaning that the amount of sponsorships they receive is much greater compared to someone such as Southampton. As a result, the income generated by Chelsea means that they can afford the better and more expensive players. Likewise, the sport itself will generate greater viewings and more coverage/streaming places will pay more money to show the sports itself. For example, sky and TNT Sports.
Better facilities
Impact media has on referees.
Serotyping - good ref/bad ref
Greater financial gain
Increase sponsorships
Potentially greater power
Might mean they have a greater chance of referring the ‘‘bigger games’’
Could be seen as good role models for others
Negatives - could get to their head - try steal the show
Under a lot of pressure
Slow motion technology can hinder the referee if they make a lot of mistakes
Variables modern - tracking devices can track
Distance covered
high speed runs
Calories burnt
Accelerations
Deceleration’s
The amount of high speed distance covered
The physical load on the performer
Sleeping patterns
Heart rate
Explain how development of facilities and equipment impacted participation and performance of elderly and disabled
Facilities-
Increase participation
Better facilities
Greater variety of facilities - more available.
Multi-purpose gyms
Equipment -
More specialised equipment - wheelchairs prospective legs and limbs
Can be very expensive
Can increase motivation/trust
Heart rate monitors for elderly - monitor their exercise levels
Five functions modern technology and sports analytics
Increase participation
Help improve performance
Track individual data such as heart rate/distance covered
Create better understanding of the sports through watching back previous performance
Helps to identify talent ID process/sports scouting
Help prevent injuries
Fitness monitoring
Explain how modern form of association football can match the concept of sport
Organised
Competitive
Consistently played with high participation levels
National governing bodies with rules and regulations
Highly strutted with officials
Trying to win the game
Has tactics and strategy
How the structure of the world class performance pathway supports the development of elite athletes.
High quality coaching
Access to elite facilities
Education about sports science - drugs and testing
Consistent testing to show areas the individuals are strong at but also where they need to work on.
Talent ID process
World class podium potential - 8 years
World class podium - 4 years
What is the role and purpose of national instate of sport
Provide clear education in relation to sports science
Drug testing - what is legal and what isn’t
Also to do with keeping the athletes fit - physio
Work with a number of different teams
This is so we get elite athletes so we will win more medals In the olympics (medal count)
What are the characteristics of an effective talent ID program
Find reliable test results
Allows us to find the best athletes for a variety of sports
As a variety of different tests will be completed even if the individual has not got the best scores in their required sport but good scores in another sport they will then give them the license and ability to go and get involved with that one.
Baseline data
equal opportunities testing different age groups
Also talent and ID to get players in to do the tests.
Explain the terms sportsmanship and outline how it is encouraged and maintained at the highest level of sport
Sportsmanship is the respect and ettiequte between not only teammates but opposition as well.
It is maintained through a list of strict rules and regulations
Fines
Sanctions such as yellow and red cards in football if rules are not met
Unwritten rules that people should follow
Olympic oath
Why have they allowed professional athletes to compere at the Olympic Games in recent years to compete against amateurs
More entertaining for the audience
Increases competition which makes the level harder
Means they will receive more money (Olympic committee)
greater viewing
More places will stream/cast the games
NO PRIZE MONEY IN OLYMPICS HOWEVER THEY DO GET SPONSORSHIPS
Evaluate the effectiveness of technology as a deterrent for deviant behaviour
Can cause controversy between teams (VAR)
means more athletes are getting caught and punished for gamesmanship behaviour.
Aimed to boost rules and regulations
Less chance of taking performance enhancing drugs - more technology to detect PED’s
CCTV to stop people from deviant behaviour (racism and stereotypes)
Can increase participation
Reasons why elite athletes will resort to taking illegal performance enhancing drugs ?
Pressure from coaches
Pressure on themselves
Lack of good recent performances
Poor confidence levels/low self esteem
Try to level the playing field - may see someone else do it
Winning margins would slander - more chance of them winning
describe the physiological reason why a performer may use anabolic steroids
Increase muscle mass
Increase weight lifting (amount of weight)
Increase muscle repair rate
Reduce fat
Train for longer at a higher intensity
state how the law can protect elite performers
Coaches now have a certain duty of care meaning they have to do certain things for the players
Increase rules and regulations so less interactions with fans due to more chance of fines
Bosman ruling - contract
Sponsorship and commercial deals so more protection
Privacy laws for media
Protection from racism and sexism
Health and safety
