Vessels and Blood Flow Flashcards
explain the flow of blood through the heart
RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary SL valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
LA
mitral valve
LA
aortic SL valve
body
what is the function of heart valves?
ensure one way flow of blood
what are the two loops in the cardiovascular system?
systemic and pulmonary
this loop carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the heart
pulmonary
this loop carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body
systemic
is the cardiac system open or closed?
closed
are the pulmonary and systemic loops in series or in parallel?
in series
is systemic flow in series or in parallel?
in parallel
_______ (series or parallel) distribution to organ systems varies with demand
parallel
what are the 2 types of arteries?
elastic
muscular
these are the smallest type of artery that supplies capillaries
arterioles
this type of vessel is where exchange occurs with tissues
capillaries
these are the smallest veins and they receive blood from capillaries
venules
these vessels have thinner walls than arteries, contain less elastic tissue and fewer smooth muscle cells
veins
these 2 types of vessel contains elastic tissue, smooth muscle, endothelium and fibrous tissue
artery
vein
this type of vessel contains smooth muscle and endothelium only
arteriole
this type of vessel contains only endothelium
capillary
in what type of vessel is blood flow slowest?
capillaries
does blood move slower or faster in wider vessels?
slower
is cross-sectional area of capillaries high or low?
high
this law states that flow decreases when resistance increases and vice versa
Poiseuille’s Law
this is a measure of resistance of liquid flow and as it increases the pressure required to flow increases
viscosity
does resistance increase or decrease with increased length?
increases
doubling the radius of a vessel increases the flow by ____x
16x
this type of flow is characterized by the outermost layer moving slowest and the center moving the fastest
laminar flow
this type of flow is interrupted and makes noise
turbulent
this is an equation to predict the chance that blood will switch from laminar to turbulent flow
reynolds number
this refers to a vessel’s ability to return to its original size/shape after being stretched
elasticity
this refers to how easily something can be stretched and addresses how much pressure is needed to increase volume
compliance
what type of vessel is most compliant?
veins
what percentage of blood is in the veins at any given time?
60-70%
“unstressed volume” refers to the blood volume in the _____
veins
_______ receptor activation causes veins to contract, which ______ (reduces or enhances) venous volume
alpha 1
reduces
these are conduit vessels near the heart which contain a high level of elastin and are referred to as “pressure reserviors”
elastic arteries
these types of arteries deliver blood to specific organs, have a lot of smooth muscle, and are very active in vasoconstriction and regulation of BP
muscular arteries
true or false- vessels have their own supply of veins, arteries, and nerves
true
this type of vessel is said to control minute-to-minute blood flow in capillary beds
arterioles
do capillaries contract?
no, they have no smooth muscle
does the sympathetic or PS innervate arterioles?
sympathetic ONLY
the fact that arterioles always have some level of activation from the sympathetic nervous system refers to…
tone
where is velocity slowest?
capillaries
inflammatory signals increase the permeability of this type of vessel
capillaries
these types of molecules cross capillary walls by diffusing through the plasma membrane
small lipid soluble molecules:
oxygen
carbon dioxide
steroid hormones
fatty acids
these types of molecules diffuse through intracellular spaces or through fenestrations of capillaries
water soluble molecules
glucose
amino acids
this is the force exerted by fluid pressing against a wall
hydrostatic pressure
this type of pressure is created by large nondiffusible molecules, like plasma proteins
colloid osmotic pressure
fluid moves _____ of capillaries at the arterial end and _____ at venous ends
out
in
the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in every beat
stroke volume
this is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
pulse pressure
a ______ pulse pressure indicates the heart is not pumping enough blood
narrow
what type of vessel has a high resistance to flow and has a large pressure drop
arterioles
this is the average of systolic and diastolic pressure and includes the time spent in each phase
diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
general hardening of the arteries leading to increased stiffness and decreased compliance
arteriosclerosis
this is a type of arteriosclerosis where there is a buildup of plaques
atherosclerosis
this is the narrowing of the aortic valve
aortic stenosis
