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Physiology > Vessels and Blood Flow > Flashcards

Vessels and Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

explain the flow of blood through the heart

A

RA
tricuspid valve
RV
pulmonary SL valve
pulmonary arteries
lungs
pulmonary veins
LA
mitral valve
LA
aortic SL valve
body

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2
Q

what is the function of heart valves?

A

ensure one way flow of blood

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3
Q

what are the two loops in the cardiovascular system?

A

systemic and pulmonary

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4
Q

this loop carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back to the heart

A

pulmonary

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5
Q

this loop carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body

A

systemic

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6
Q

is the cardiac system open or closed?

A

closed

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7
Q

are the pulmonary and systemic loops in series or in parallel?

A

in series

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8
Q

is systemic flow in series or in parallel?

A

in parallel

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9
Q

_______ (series or parallel) distribution to organ systems varies with demand

A

parallel

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of arteries?

A

elastic
muscular

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11
Q

these are the smallest type of artery that supplies capillaries

A

arterioles

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12
Q

this type of vessel is where exchange occurs with tissues

A

capillaries

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13
Q

these are the smallest veins and they receive blood from capillaries

A

venules

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14
Q

these vessels have thinner walls than arteries, contain less elastic tissue and fewer smooth muscle cells

A

veins

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15
Q

these 2 types of vessel contains elastic tissue, smooth muscle, endothelium and fibrous tissue

A

artery
vein

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16
Q

this type of vessel contains smooth muscle and endothelium only

A

arteriole

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17
Q

this type of vessel contains only endothelium

A

capillary

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18
Q

in what type of vessel is blood flow slowest?

A

capillaries

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19
Q

does blood move slower or faster in wider vessels?

A

slower

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20
Q

is cross-sectional area of capillaries high or low?

A

high

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21
Q

this law states that flow decreases when resistance increases and vice versa

A

Poiseuille’s Law

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22
Q

this is a measure of resistance of liquid flow and as it increases the pressure required to flow increases

A

viscosity

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23
Q

does resistance increase or decrease with increased length?

A

increases

24
Q

doubling the radius of a vessel increases the flow by ____x

A

16x

25
Q

this type of flow is characterized by the outermost layer moving slowest and the center moving the fastest

A

laminar flow

26
Q

this type of flow is interrupted and makes noise

A

turbulent

27
Q

this is an equation to predict the chance that blood will switch from laminar to turbulent flow

A

reynolds number

28
Q

this refers to a vessel’s ability to return to its original size/shape after being stretched

A

elasticity

29
Q

this refers to how easily something can be stretched and addresses how much pressure is needed to increase volume

A

compliance

30
Q

what type of vessel is most compliant?

A

veins

31
Q

what percentage of blood is in the veins at any given time?

A

60-70%

32
Q

“unstressed volume” refers to the blood volume in the _____

A

veins

33
Q

_______ receptor activation causes veins to contract, which ______ (reduces or enhances) venous volume

A

alpha 1
reduces

34
Q

these are conduit vessels near the heart which contain a high level of elastin and are referred to as “pressure reserviors”

A

elastic arteries

35
Q

these types of arteries deliver blood to specific organs, have a lot of smooth muscle, and are very active in vasoconstriction and regulation of BP

A

muscular arteries

36
Q

true or false- vessels have their own supply of veins, arteries, and nerves

A

true

37
Q

this type of vessel is said to control minute-to-minute blood flow in capillary beds

A

arterioles

38
Q

do capillaries contract?

A

no, they have no smooth muscle

39
Q

does the sympathetic or PS innervate arterioles?

A

sympathetic ONLY

40
Q

the fact that arterioles always have some level of activation from the sympathetic nervous system refers to…

A

tone

41
Q

where is velocity slowest?

A

capillaries

42
Q

inflammatory signals increase the permeability of this type of vessel

A

capillaries

43
Q

these types of molecules cross capillary walls by diffusing through the plasma membrane

A

small lipid soluble molecules:
oxygen
carbon dioxide
steroid hormones
fatty acids

44
Q

these types of molecules diffuse through intracellular spaces or through fenestrations of capillaries

A

water soluble molecules
glucose
amino acids

45
Q

this is the force exerted by fluid pressing against a wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

46
Q

this type of pressure is created by large nondiffusible molecules, like plasma proteins

A

colloid osmotic pressure

47
Q

fluid moves _____ of capillaries at the arterial end and _____ at venous ends

A

out
in

48
Q

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in every beat

A

stroke volume

49
Q

this is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

50
Q

a ______ pulse pressure indicates the heart is not pumping enough blood

A

narrow

51
Q

what type of vessel has a high resistance to flow and has a large pressure drop

A

arterioles

52
Q

this is the average of systolic and diastolic pressure and includes the time spent in each phase

diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

53
Q

general hardening of the arteries leading to increased stiffness and decreased compliance

A

arteriosclerosis

54
Q

this is a type of arteriosclerosis where there is a buildup of plaques

A

atherosclerosis

55
Q

this is the narrowing of the aortic valve

A

aortic stenosis

Physiology (20 decks)

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