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Physiology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

is afferent sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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2
Q

if efferent sensory or motor?

A

motor

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3
Q

what PNS subdivision is voluntary control?

A

somatic

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4
Q

PNS subdivision that is involuntary

A

autonomic

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5
Q

autonomic NS that is fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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6
Q

autonomic NS that is rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

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7
Q

what is considered the “gateway” to the PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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8
Q

where are two places nicotinic ACh receptors are located?

A

muscle end plates and nerve cells

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9
Q

how many subunits does a nicotinic receptor have?

A

5

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10
Q

are nicotinic ACh receptors found on postganglionic dendrites of sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both?

A

both

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11
Q

this type of ACh receptor is found at parasympathetic effector organs

A

muscarinic

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12
Q

this ACh receptor is not ionic, has 7-transmembrane G-protein receptors, and has 5 different types

A

muscarinic receptors

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13
Q

what type of receptor are the adrenergic receptors?

A

g-protein coupled

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14
Q

is the sympathetic division adrengeric or cholinergic?

A

adrenergic

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15
Q

is the parasympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?

A

cholinergic

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16
Q

what is the main PS neurotransmitter?

A

ACh

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17
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS?

A

NE and epi

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18
Q

which branch of the ANS is short preganglionic and long postganglionic?

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

which branch of the ANS is long preganglionic and short postganglionic?

A

parasympathetic

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20
Q

the preganglionic axon always releases _______ onto _______ receptors

A

ACh, nicotinic

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21
Q

the postganglionic neuron in the PS division releases ________ onto _______ receptors

A

ACh, muscarinic

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22
Q

what molecule does the adrenal medulla release into the blood (as a hormone)

A

epinephrine

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23
Q

this ANS division originates in the cervical or sacral parts of the spinal cord

A

PS

24
Q

this ANS division originates in the thoracic and lumbar areas of the spinal cord

A

sympathetic

25
Q

a chain of neuronal cell bodies and synapses that is parallel to the spinal cord, many sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord and synapse here

A

sympathetic ganglion/ chain

26
Q

these CNs are part of the PS division

A

3, 7, 9, 10

27
Q

this type of adrenergic receptor typically inhibits

A

alpha 2

28
Q

this type of ACh receptor typically activates

A

nicotinic

29
Q

this type of ACh receptor can stimulate or inhibit depending on subclass

A

muscarinic

30
Q

do most adrenergic receptors stimulate or inhibit?

A

stimulate

31
Q

what effect do beta blockers have on BP?

A

lowers BP

32
Q

what effect do muscarinic blockers have on BP?

A

raise BP (and HR)

33
Q

what effect do beta agonists have on BP?

A

raise BP

34
Q

what ANS division is responsible for filling of the bladder?

A

sympathetic

35
Q

what ANS division is responsible for emptying (contraction) of the bladder?

A

parasympathetic

36
Q

what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the heart?

A

decreases BP (parasympathetic)

37
Q

what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the GI system?

A

increases digestion (parasympathetic)

38
Q

what occurs when ACh is released onto the SA node?

A

heart slows and BP lowers (parasympathetic)

39
Q

what effect does smpathetic activation on beta-1 receptors have on the heart?

A

increases rate, contractility, and results in increased BP

40
Q

in the parasympathetic division, ________ nerves control the bladder (urination)

A

sacral

41
Q

in the sympathetic division, _______ nerves control the bladder (filling)

A

lumbar

42
Q

______ receptors prevent opening of the internal sphincter of the bladder

A

alpha 1

43
Q

________ receptors keep the detrusor relaxed

A

beta 2

44
Q

________ ACh receptors causes the internal sphincter to relax and the detrusor muscle to contract (micturation)

A

muscarinic

45
Q

what receptor is responsible for pupil dilation (mydriasis) via contraction of the dilator muscle?

A

alpha 1 (sympathetic)

46
Q

what receptor causes pupil constriction (miosis) via constriction of the sphincter

A

muscarinic (parasympathetic)

47
Q

what type of cells do preganglionic neurons synapse with within the adrenal gland

A

chromaffin cells

47
Q

are these processes sympathetic or parasympathetic?
sweat glands
vascular smooth muscle
pilomotor muscles of skin
gluconeogensis
lipolysis
renin secretion

A

sympathetic only

48
Q

what effect does prazosin have?

A

decreases BP

48
Q

what neurotransmitter do preganglionic neurons release onto chromaffin cells and what receptor receives it?

A

ACh
nicotinic

48
Q

where are beta 1 and beta 2 receptors located?

A

B1- heart
B2- bronchioles

49
Q

Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonist, what effect will it have on blood pressure?

A

decreases BP

50
Q

atropine is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors, what effect will it have on HR?

A

increases

51
Q

where do alpha 1 receptors have the most effect?

A

vessels

52
Q

where do alpha 2 receptors have the most effect?

A

GI

53
Q

where do beta 1 receptors have the most effect?

A

heart

Physiology (21 decks)

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