ANS Flashcards
is afferent sensory or motor?
sensory
if efferent sensory or motor?
motor
what PNS subdivision is voluntary control?
somatic
PNS subdivision that is involuntary
autonomic
autonomic NS that is fight or flight
sympathetic
autonomic NS that is rest and digest
parasympathetic
what is considered the “gateway” to the PNS
cranial and spinal nerves
where are two places nicotinic ACh receptors are located?
muscle end plates and nerve cells
how many subunits does a nicotinic receptor have?
5
are nicotinic ACh receptors found on postganglionic dendrites of sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both?
both
this type of ACh receptor is found at parasympathetic effector organs
muscarinic
this ACh receptor is not ionic, has 7-transmembrane G-protein receptors, and has 5 different types
muscarinic receptors
what type of receptor are the adrenergic receptors?
g-protein coupled
is the sympathetic division adrengeric or cholinergic?
adrenergic
is the parasympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?
cholinergic
what is the main PS neurotransmitter?
ACh
What are the main neurotransmitters of the sympathetic NS?
NE and epi
which branch of the ANS is short preganglionic and long postganglionic?
sympathetic
which branch of the ANS is long preganglionic and short postganglionic?
parasympathetic
the preganglionic axon always releases _______ onto _______ receptors
ACh, nicotinic
the postganglionic neuron in the PS division releases ________ onto _______ receptors
ACh, muscarinic
what molecule does the adrenal medulla release into the blood (as a hormone)
epinephrine
this ANS division originates in the cervical or sacral parts of the spinal cord
PS
this ANS division originates in the thoracic and lumbar areas of the spinal cord
sympathetic
a chain of neuronal cell bodies and synapses that is parallel to the spinal cord, many sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord and synapse here
sympathetic ganglion/ chain
these CNs are part of the PS division
3, 7, 9, 10
this type of adrenergic receptor typically inhibits
alpha 2
this type of ACh receptor typically activates
nicotinic
this type of ACh receptor can stimulate or inhibit depending on subclass
muscarinic
do most adrenergic receptors stimulate or inhibit?
stimulate
what effect do beta blockers have on BP?
lowers BP
what effect do muscarinic blockers have on BP?
raise BP (and HR)
what effect do beta agonists have on BP?
raise BP
what ANS division is responsible for filling of the bladder?
sympathetic
what ANS division is responsible for emptying (contraction) of the bladder?
parasympathetic
what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the heart?
decreases BP (parasympathetic)
what effect occurs when the vagus nerve releases ACh onto muscarinic receptors on the GI system?
increases digestion (parasympathetic)
what occurs when ACh is released onto the SA node?
heart slows and BP lowers (parasympathetic)
what effect does smpathetic activation on beta-1 receptors have on the heart?
increases rate, contractility, and results in increased BP
in the parasympathetic division, ________ nerves control the bladder (urination)
sacral
in the sympathetic division, _______ nerves control the bladder (filling)
lumbar
______ receptors prevent opening of the internal sphincter of the bladder
alpha 1
________ receptors keep the detrusor relaxed
beta 2
________ ACh receptors causes the internal sphincter to relax and the detrusor muscle to contract (micturation)
muscarinic
what receptor is responsible for pupil dilation (mydriasis) via contraction of the dilator muscle?
alpha 1 (sympathetic)
what receptor causes pupil constriction (miosis) via constriction of the sphincter
muscarinic (parasympathetic)
what type of cells do preganglionic neurons synapse with within the adrenal gland
chromaffin cells
are these processes sympathetic or parasympathetic?
sweat glands
vascular smooth muscle
pilomotor muscles of skin
gluconeogensis
lipolysis
renin secretion
sympathetic only
what effect does prazosin have?
decreases BP
what neurotransmitter do preganglionic neurons release onto chromaffin cells and what receptor receives it?
ACh
nicotinic
where are beta 1 and beta 2 receptors located?
B1- heart
B2- bronchioles
Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonist, what effect will it have on blood pressure?
decreases BP
atropine is an antagonist at muscarinic receptors, what effect will it have on HR?
increases
where do alpha 1 receptors have the most effect?
vessels
where do alpha 2 receptors have the most effect?
GI
where do beta 1 receptors have the most effect?
heart
