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Physiology > Renal- acid-base > Flashcards

Renal- acid-base Flashcards

1
Q

this minimizes changes of pH

A

buffers

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2
Q

hydrogen is a product of what 3 major processes?

A

CO2+ H2O
protein catabolism
phospholipid catabolism

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3
Q

what is the normal pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

this is defined as a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

A

buffer

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5
Q

this is a particular pH range specific to the buffering molecules

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

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6
Q

what are the 2 major buffers in extracellular fluid?

A

bicarb
phosphate

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7
Q

normal CO2 levels

A

35-45

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8
Q

normal bicarb levels

A

22-26 mEq/L

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9
Q

what are 2 intracellular buffers?

A

organic phosphates
proteins (histidine residue)

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10
Q

is protein a plasma buffer?

A

yes

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11
Q

what happens to pH in hypercalemia?

A

decreased pH/ acidosis

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12
Q

what happens to pH in hypokalemia?

A

increased pH/ alkalosis

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13
Q

Ca2+ levels in acidosis

A

hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Ca2+ levels in alkalosis

A

hypocalcemia

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15
Q

how much bicard is reabsorbed?

A

nearly 100%

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16
Q

what are the 2 ways H+ is excreted?

A

NH4+- ammonium ion
titratable acid- bound to phosphate

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17
Q

urine pH can only get as low as ___

A

4.4

18
Q

at blood bicarb levels of >40, transporters are ______ so bicarb is _______

A

saturated
excreted

19
Q

in respiratory acidosis (increased CO2), more ______ and ______ are produced

A

H+ and HCO3-

20
Q

in respiratory alkalosis, less_____ is reabsorbed in the kidneys

A

HCO3-

21
Q

in respiratory alkalosis, less CO2 is avaliable, so less ______ is reabsorbed in the kidneys

A

HCO3-

22
Q

deamination of glutamine produces what molecule?

A

NH3

23
Q

in the collecting duct, hydrogen is exchanged with what molecule?

A

K+

24
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

decrease of HCO3-

25
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

increase of HCO3-

26
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

increased CO2

27
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

decreased CO2

28
Q

true or false- compensation for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis involves both renal and respiratory mechanisms

A

true

29
Q

major cation measured for anion gap

A

Na+
some K+ contributes but it’s really low

30
Q

what are the 2 major anions measured for anion gap?

A

Cl- and HCO3-

31
Q

what anions may be included in the anion gap?

A

proteins, phosphate, citrate, sulfate

32
Q

if anions in the anion gap are increased, then _____ will also be elevated

A

Na+

33
Q

will a decrease in HCO3- lead to an increase or decrease in anion gap?

A

increase

34
Q

what 4 acids contribute to high anion gap?

A

keto acid- diabetic ketoacidosis
lactic acid- shock
formic acid- methanol poisoning
oxalic acid- ethylene glycol poisoning

35
Q

hypoventilation may lead to…

A

respiratory acidosis

36
Q

hyperventilation may lead to…

A

respiratory alkalosis

37
Q

diarrhea, shock, anaerobic metabolism may lead to….

A

metabolic acidosis

38
Q

increased bicarbonate antiacids and vomiting may lead to…

A

metabolic alkalosis

39
Q

this mechanism is different than what caused the imbalance and attempts to adjust the pH toward a more normal level, temporary effect

A

compensatory mechanism

40
Q

in this type of compensation:
pH abnormal
causative system abnormal
compensating system within normal range

A

uncompensated

41
Q

in this type of compensation:
pH abnormal
causative and compensatory system abnormal

A

partial compensation

42
Q

in this type of compensation:
pH within normal range
both causative and compensatory systems abnormal

A

complete compensation

Physiology (20 decks)

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