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Physiology > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 major APCs in the innate immune system?

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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2
Q

what are the 2 major cell types of the adaptive immune system?

A

B and T cells

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3
Q

where are lymphocytes (B and T cells) primarily found?

A

lymph nodes

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4
Q

are NK cells part of the innate or adaptive?

A

innate

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5
Q

this part of the immune system recognizes PAMPs and is nonspecific

A

innate

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6
Q

this part of the immune system recognizes antigens and is specific

A

adaptive

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7
Q

this term refers to the fact that subsequent exposures to a pathogen are faster and more intense upon repeated exposure

A

memory

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8
Q

this adaptive strategy kills free-floating pathogens

A

humoral

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9
Q

this adaptive strategy kills pathogens hiding inside cells

A

cell mediated

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10
Q

what is the major cell type responsible for the adaptive cell mediated strategy?

A

CD-8 cytotoxic t cells

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11
Q

this process ensures B and T cells can distinguish self from non-self

A

negative selection

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12
Q

where do B cells go through negative selection?

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

where do T cells go through negative selection?

A

thymus

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14
Q

this region of Ig is what is continuously altered to detect pathogenic antigens

A

variable region

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15
Q

these are described as anything that induces an immune response

A

antigens

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16
Q

this is a specific part of the antigen that the immune system recognizes

A

epitope

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17
Q

many epitopes on a single antigen is referred to as…

A

polyclonal

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18
Q

where do APCs present antigens?

A

MHC-2 molecules on their cell surface

19
Q

what type of t cell recognizes MHC-2 receptors?

A

CD-4 helper t cells
(happens in lymph nodes)

20
Q

what do CD-4 helper t cells release once stimulated by MHC-2 receptors?

A

cytokines that stimulate B cells and CD-8 t cells

21
Q

true or false- B cells engulf and present antigens on their MHC-2 but have to be activated by CD-4 helper T cells before releasing antibodies

A

true

22
Q

B cells turn into _______ cells and release _______

A

plasma
antibodies

23
Q

what type of cell activates B cells?

A

CD-4 helper T cells

24
Q

some activated B cells become plasma cells and _______ cells

A

memory

25
Q

this immune response takes 10-17 days after exposure and antigen- selected B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells

A

primary response

26
Q

this immune response takes 2-7 days to occur and occurs due to memory cells

A

secondary immune response

27
Q

vaccines produce what kind of immune response?

A

primary

28
Q

all nucleated cells express this receptor

A

MHC-1

29
Q

what do nucleated cells present on their MHC-1 receptor?

A

protein fragments

30
Q

what type of T cell recognizes MHC-1?

A

CD-8 cytotoxic T cells

31
Q

after activation, some CD-8 cytotoxic T cells will clone itself, and some will form _______ T cells

A

memory

32
Q

_____ cells recognize cells that lack MHC-1 markers

A

natural killer cells

33
Q

what are 4 major functions of anitbodies?

A

1- opsonization for phagocytosis
2- triggers allergic response
3- activates complement
4- clumping and inactivation of bacterial toxins

34
Q

these are the most abundant antibody and are in immune response to viruses and vaccines

A

IgG

35
Q

this antibody circulates in body fluids and causes agglutination (clumping of blood), it does not cross placenta

A

IgM

36
Q

this antibody circulates in body fluids and crosses blood vessels and the placenta

A

IgG

37
Q

this antibody is found in secretions on mucous membranes

A

IgA

38
Q

this antibody is found on the surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor

A

IgD

39
Q

this antibody is found on mast cells within tissues and triggers inflammation (allergies)

A

IgE

40
Q

this is excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune response

A

immune hypersensitivity

41
Q

this type of hypersensitivity is immediate

A

type 1

42
Q

this type of hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated and tissue specific

A

type 2

43
Q

this type of hypersensitivity is immune complex mediated in circulation

A

type 3

44
Q

this type of hypersensitivity is cell mediated/ delayed

A

type 4

Physiology (18 decks)

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