Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
what are the 2 major APCs in the innate immune system?
macrophages and dendritic cells
what are the 2 major cell types of the adaptive immune system?
B and T cells
where are lymphocytes (B and T cells) primarily found?
lymph nodes
are NK cells part of the innate or adaptive?
innate
this part of the immune system recognizes PAMPs and is nonspecific
innate
this part of the immune system recognizes antigens and is specific
adaptive
this term refers to the fact that subsequent exposures to a pathogen are faster and more intense upon repeated exposure
memory
this adaptive strategy kills free-floating pathogens
humoral
this adaptive strategy kills pathogens hiding inside cells
cell mediated
what is the major cell type responsible for the adaptive cell mediated strategy?
CD-8 cytotoxic t cells
this process ensures B and T cells can distinguish self from non-self
negative selection
where do B cells go through negative selection?
bone marrow
where do T cells go through negative selection?
thymus
this region of Ig is what is continuously altered to detect pathogenic antigens
variable region
these are described as anything that induces an immune response
antigens
this is a specific part of the antigen that the immune system recognizes
epitope
many epitopes on a single antigen is referred to as…
polyclonal
where do APCs present antigens?
MHC-2 molecules on their cell surface
what type of t cell recognizes MHC-2 receptors?
CD-4 helper t cells
(happens in lymph nodes)
what do CD-4 helper t cells release once stimulated by MHC-2 receptors?
cytokines that stimulate B cells and CD-8 t cells
true or false- B cells engulf and present antigens on their MHC-2 but have to be activated by CD-4 helper T cells before releasing antibodies
true
B cells turn into _______ cells and release _______
plasma
antibodies
what type of cell activates B cells?
CD-4 helper T cells
some activated B cells become plasma cells and _______ cells
memory
this immune response takes 10-17 days after exposure and antigen- selected B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
primary response
this immune response takes 2-7 days to occur and occurs due to memory cells
secondary immune response
vaccines produce what kind of immune response?
primary
all nucleated cells express this receptor
MHC-1
what do nucleated cells present on their MHC-1 receptor?
protein fragments
what type of T cell recognizes MHC-1?
CD-8 cytotoxic T cells
after activation, some CD-8 cytotoxic T cells will clone itself, and some will form _______ T cells
memory
_____ cells recognize cells that lack MHC-1 markers
natural killer cells
what are 4 major functions of anitbodies?
1- opsonization for phagocytosis
2- triggers allergic response
3- activates complement
4- clumping and inactivation of bacterial toxins
these are the most abundant antibody and are in immune response to viruses and vaccines
IgG
this antibody circulates in body fluids and causes agglutination (clumping of blood), it does not cross placenta
IgM
this antibody circulates in body fluids and crosses blood vessels and the placenta
IgG
this antibody is found in secretions on mucous membranes
IgA
this antibody is found on the surface of B cells and acts as an antigen receptor
IgD
this antibody is found on mast cells within tissues and triggers inflammation (allergies)
IgE
this is excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune response
immune hypersensitivity
this type of hypersensitivity is immediate
type 1
this type of hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated and tissue specific
type 2
this type of hypersensitivity is immune complex mediated in circulation
type 3
this type of hypersensitivity is cell mediated/ delayed
type 4
