Neurophysiology Flashcards
these cells support and protect neurons
neuroglia
these are nerve cells that receive stimuli and transmit APs
neurons
protuberance where axons synapse with dendrites
dendritic spines
these hold neurotransmitters at the axon terminal
synaptic vesicles
AP moving toward CNS
afferent (sensory)
AP moving away from CNS
efferent (motor)
neurons within the CNS that transmit AP from one neuron to another
interneurons
type of neuron that includes motor neurons and most neurons in CNS
multipolar
type of neuron that includes sensory neurons in the retina and in the nose
bipolar
type of neuron that has single process that divides into two branches and the part that extends to the periphery has dendrite-like sensory receptors
unipolar
this type of matter is unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglia
gray matter
this type of matter includes myelinated axons
white matter
organization of matter in the brain
gray on outside, white deeper
organization of matter in the spinal cord
white on outside, gray deeper
groups of cell bodies in PNS (gray matter)
ganglia
myelin in PNS
Schwann Cells
myelin in CNS
oligodendrocytes
what are 4 glial cells in the CNS
astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
support cells that control extracellular environment of neurons; regulates BBB
astrocytes
“immune system” of CNS, removes cellular debris
microglia
responsible for myelin in CNS
oligodendrocytes
this type of glial cell is involved with production of CSF and is cilliated
ependymal cells
are glial cells able to divide?
yes
which lobe of the brain gives us the ability to plan?
frontal lobe
this part of the brainstem is the most inferior part and has ascending and descending tracts
medulla
what functions does the medulla regulate?
heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respirations
vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing
this part of the medulla is primarily conscious motor control and is where fibers decussate
pyramids
this part of the medulla is responsible for balance and coordination
olives
this part of the brainstem is superior to the medulla, has ascending and descending tracts, relays info between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and plays a role in repiration
pons
this part of the brainstem contains the tectum and the tegmentum
midbrain/ mesencephalon
this part of the midbrain is involved in visual and hearing reflexes
tectum
this part of the midbrain contains red nuclei and the substantia nigra
tegmentum
this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activity
red nuclei
this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in movement, reward, and addiction *think dopamine
substantia nigra
this part of the brain is the major hub of sensory information
thalamus
sensory information synapses here before projecting to the cerebrum
thalamus
ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei in the thalamus function
motor function
anterior and medial nuclei of thalamus (+connection to limbic system) is involved in…
mood modification
lateral and dorsal nucleus of thalamus is involved in what?
emotion regulation
lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei of thalamus are involved in what integration?
sensory integration
this brain area is involved in temperature regulation, hunger/thirst, and the sleep wake cycle
hypothalamus
the _______ activates the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
this part of the brain is the white matter between the cortex and inner structures and nuclei
cerebral medulla
this part of the brain contains tracts for communication between the hemispheres
corpus callosum
this brain structure is involved in locomotion, balance, automatic behaviors and posture
cerebellum
this structure is found in the cerebrum, diencephalon and midbrain and is involved in motor function control
basal nuclei
this is a collection of structures involved in emotions and memory
limbic system
this structure of the limbic system involves threats and anger
amygdala
this part of the limbic system is involved in memory
hippocampus
this is a bundle of axons that connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands
nerve
extensive network of axons (sometimes cell bodies too) located outside CNS
plexus
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there
31
