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Physiology > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

these cells support and protect neurons

A

neuroglia

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2
Q

these are nerve cells that receive stimuli and transmit APs

A

neurons

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3
Q

protuberance where axons synapse with dendrites

A

dendritic spines

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4
Q

these hold neurotransmitters at the axon terminal

A

synaptic vesicles

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5
Q

AP moving toward CNS

A

afferent (sensory)

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6
Q

AP moving away from CNS

A

efferent (motor)

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7
Q

neurons within the CNS that transmit AP from one neuron to another

A

interneurons

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8
Q

type of neuron that includes motor neurons and most neurons in CNS

A

multipolar

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9
Q

type of neuron that includes sensory neurons in the retina and in the nose

A

bipolar

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10
Q

type of neuron that has single process that divides into two branches and the part that extends to the periphery has dendrite-like sensory receptors

A

unipolar

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11
Q

this type of matter is unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglia

A

gray matter

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12
Q

this type of matter includes myelinated axons

A

white matter

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13
Q

organization of matter in the brain

A

gray on outside, white deeper

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14
Q

organization of matter in the spinal cord

A

white on outside, gray deeper

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15
Q

groups of cell bodies in PNS (gray matter)

A

ganglia

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16
Q

myelin in PNS

A

Schwann Cells

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17
Q

myelin in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

what are 4 glial cells in the CNS

A

astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells

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19
Q

support cells that control extracellular environment of neurons; regulates BBB

A

astrocytes

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20
Q

“immune system” of CNS, removes cellular debris

A

microglia

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21
Q

responsible for myelin in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

22
Q

this type of glial cell is involved with production of CSF and is cilliated

A

ependymal cells

23
Q

are glial cells able to divide?

A

yes

24
Q

which lobe of the brain gives us the ability to plan?

A

frontal lobe

25
Q

this part of the brainstem is the most inferior part and has ascending and descending tracts

A

medulla

26
Q

what functions does the medulla regulate?

A

heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respirations
vomiting, hiccuping, coughing, sneezing

27
Q

this part of the medulla is primarily conscious motor control and is where fibers decussate

A

pyramids

28
Q

this part of the medulla is responsible for balance and coordination

A

olives

29
Q

this part of the brainstem is superior to the medulla, has ascending and descending tracts, relays info between the cerebrum and cerebellum, and plays a role in repiration

A

pons

30
Q

this part of the brainstem contains the tectum and the tegmentum

A

midbrain/ mesencephalon

31
Q

this part of the midbrain is involved in visual and hearing reflexes

A

tectum

32
Q

this part of the midbrain contains red nuclei and the substantia nigra

A

tegmentum

33
Q

this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activity

A

red nuclei

34
Q

this part of the tegmentum in the midbrain aids in movement, reward, and addiction *think dopamine

A

substantia nigra

35
Q

this part of the brain is the major hub of sensory information

A

thalamus

36
Q

sensory information synapses here before projecting to the cerebrum

A

thalamus

37
Q

ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei in the thalamus function

A

motor function

38
Q

anterior and medial nuclei of thalamus (+connection to limbic system) is involved in…

A

mood modification

39
Q

lateral and dorsal nucleus of thalamus is involved in what?

A

emotion regulation

40
Q

lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei of thalamus are involved in what integration?

A

sensory integration

41
Q

this brain area is involved in temperature regulation, hunger/thirst, and the sleep wake cycle

A

hypothalamus

42
Q

the _______ activates the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

43
Q

this part of the brain is the white matter between the cortex and inner structures and nuclei

A

cerebral medulla

44
Q

this part of the brain contains tracts for communication between the hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

45
Q

this brain structure is involved in locomotion, balance, automatic behaviors and posture

A

cerebellum

46
Q

this structure is found in the cerebrum, diencephalon and midbrain and is involved in motor function control

A

basal nuclei

47
Q

this is a collection of structures involved in emotions and memory

A

limbic system

48
Q

this structure of the limbic system involves threats and anger

A

amygdala

49
Q

this part of the limbic system is involved in memory

A

hippocampus

50
Q

this is a bundle of axons that connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

A

nerve

51
Q

extensive network of axons (sometimes cell bodies too) located outside CNS

A

plexus

52
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

Physiology (20 decks)

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