Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Renal- reabsorption, secretion, excretion > Flashcards

Renal- reabsorption, secretion, excretion Flashcards

1
Q

where does the majority of reabsorption happen?

A

proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the major cation in the extracellular environment?

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much sodium reabsorption occurs in the PCT?

A

2/3 (67%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how much sodium is reabsorption occurs in the thick ascending limb?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what molecules use the sodium gradient as secondary active transport into the PCT?

A

glucose
amino acids
phosphate, lactate, citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what molecule is antiported out of the PCT when Na+ is transported in?

A

H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ (+/-) oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries favors absorption of water

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how much glucose is typically reabsorbed?

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in diabetes, glucose transporters get __________ and glucose __________ (+/-) in urine

A

saturated
increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glucose begins to appear in urine due to __________ slowing of reabsorption

A

gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if there is more glucose in the tubule, where will water go?

A

follow into the tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the triad of symptoms for diabetes?

A

polyuria
high glucose in urine
increased thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the thin descending limb is mainly permeable to what?

A

H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this part of the loop of henle is impermeable to water but permeable to solutes

A

thin ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this part of the loop of henle primarily is responsible for the reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+

A

thick ascending limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what transports Na+/K+/ and 2 Cl- out of the thick ascending limb?

A

sodium potassium chloride cotransporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

these are capillaries that form a U-shape with the tubules but the flow is in the opposite direction

A

vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of the vasa recta

A

collect the reabsorbed water and solutes from the nephron tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

water leaving the descending loop causes the nephron concentration to get ________

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

solutes leaving the ascending loop causes the nephron concentration to get _______

A

lower

21
Q

this is a diuretic that blocks the sodium/ potassium/ chloride cotransporter

A

furosemide

22
Q

water leaving the descending loop enters the vasa recta and is brought _____

A

up

23
Q

solutes leaving the ascending loop enter the vasa recta and are brought _____

A

down

24
Q

can sodium be actively transported out of tubule cells into the interstitial space?

A

yes

25
Q

how is Na+ transported out of the tubule cells into the interstitial space?

A

via aldosterone inserting more Na/K pumps

26
Q

true or false: actively transporting sodium out of the tubule will reduce K+ levels

A

true

27
Q

what causes the distal tubule to have variable permeability to water?

A

vasopressin (ADH)

28
Q

how is Na+ reabsorbed into early distal tubule cells?

A

Na/Cl cotransporter

29
Q

what kind of cells does aldosterone work on to increase the number of Na+ channels and Na/K ATPases in the DCT and the collecting duct?

A

principle cells

30
Q

spironolactone is __________ sparing and blocks the action of _______

A

K+
aldosterone

31
Q

where is K+ mainly reabsorbed?

A

PCT
some in the ascending limb as well

32
Q

this cell in the DCT/ collecting duct is responsible for K+ reabsorption

A

intercalated cells

33
Q

secretion of K+ in the DCT/ collecting duct occurs through this type of cell

A

principle cell

34
Q

does cell lysis increase or decrease K+?

A

increase

35
Q

effect of insulin on K+ levels

A

shifts K+ into cells
increases Na/K ATPase

36
Q

effect of beta 2 agonists on K+ levels

A

shifts K+ into cells

37
Q

effect of alpha adrenergic agonists on K+ levels

A

shifts K+ out of cells

38
Q

H+ and K+ are exchanged in the _____ tubule

A

distal

39
Q

where is urea mainly reabsorbed?

A

PCT
some in the collecting duct

40
Q

where is urea mainly secreted

A

descending limb

41
Q

effect of ADH on urea

A

increased reabsorption in the collecting duct

42
Q

these two molecules increase in the blood when the kidney is no longer properly filtering

A

creatinine and BUN

43
Q

what is the best/ most effective way to measure GFR

A

inulin

44
Q

what is the most practical method of measuring GFR

A

creatinine

45
Q

is creatinine reabsorbed?

A

no

46
Q

is BUN reabsorbed?

A

yes

47
Q

where is BUN made?

A

liver

48
Q

this is a sugar that does no readily cross cell membranes, so it is not reabsorbed and is used as a short-term diuretic

A

mannitol

Physiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions