Pulmonary- Perfusion and Regulation Flashcards
in this lung zone: alveolar pressure> arteriole pressure> venous pressure
zone 1
in this lung zone: arteriole pressure > alveolar pressure > venous pressure
zone 2
in this zone: arteriole pressure > venous pressure > alveolar pressure
zone 3
which lung zone has the highest P/Q?
zone 1
which lung zone has the lowest P/Q?
zone 3
in this lung zone, there is significantly reduced perfusion due to the alveoli pushing on both the arteriole and venous sides of the capillary
zone 1
in this lung zone, there is slightly reduced perfusion due to the alveoli compressing the venous side
zone 2
in this lung zone, there is high ventilation and high perfusion
zone 3
in this mechanism, vasoconstriction occurs in order to redirect blood away form areas with low ventilation
hypoxic vasoconstriction
in this mechanism, bronchoconstriction occurs to reroute air from places with lack of perfusion
compensatory bronchoconstriction
this type of shunt moves oxygenated blood to deoxygenated blood
*double oxygenation
left to right shunt
this type of shunt moves deoxygenated blood in with the oxygenated blood
right to left shunt
these conditions are associated with what type of shunt?
patent ductus arteriosus
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
left to right shunt
this is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
ventilation
this is the process of the exchange of gas between the lungs and capillaries
perfusion
if there is impaired ventilation, is the V/Q low or high?
low
if there is blocked ventilation is the V/Q low or high?
very low
if there is impaired perfusion, is V/Q low or high?
high
this is ventilation of an area that’s not perfused or perfusion of an area that is not ventilated
V/Q mismatch
in dead space, where there is no perfusion, what is the V/Q?
infinity
(Q= 0, can’t divide by 0)
in right to left shunt, there is no ventilation, what is the P/Q?
0
in a high V/Q, there is increased _____ and decreased ______
O2
CO2
in low V/Q, there is increased _______ and decreased _______
CO2
O2
this inspiratory center sets the frequency of inspiration via the phrenic nerve innervation of the diaphragm
DRG- dorsal respiratory center
this respiratory group in the medulla in inactive during normal breathing.
ventral respiratory group
in peripheral ventilation control, what structure senses decreased O2 and sends APs to the medualla?
carotid body (aortic body)
what are the major 2 nerves involved in sending sensory respiratory information to the medulla?
CN9 and CN10
in peripheral ventilation control, this molecule is the major factor
O2
in central ventilation control, this molecule is the major factor
CO2
this center mainly controls the depth of ventilation
pneumotaxic center (located in upper pons)
this molecule has a very high affinity for Hb and will “kick out” O2
carbon monoxide
respiratory ___________:
increased CO2
increased H+ and HCO3-
decreased pH
acidosis
respiratory ________:
decreased CO2
decreased H+ and HCO3-
increased pH
alkalosis
what are 5 major effects of a high altitude change?
induced vasoconstriction and increased viscosity–> RV hypertrophy
increased DPG–> O2 dissociation from Hb
increased RBC production
increased ventilation rate
decreased O2 and increased pH (due to hyperventilation)
