Pulmonary- Perfusion and Regulation

Question 1

in this lung zone: alveolar pressure> arteriole pressure> venous pressure

Answer 1

zone 1

Question 2

in this lung zone: arteriole pressure > alveolar pressure > venous pressure

Answer 2

zone 2

Question 3

in this zone: arteriole pressure > venous pressure > alveolar pressure

Answer 3

zone 3

Question 4

which lung zone has the highest P/Q?

Answer 4

zone 1

Question 5

which lung zone has the lowest P/Q?

Answer 5

zone 3

Question 6

in this lung zone, there is significantly reduced perfusion due to the alveoli pushing on both the arteriole and venous sides of the capillary

Answer 6

zone 1

Question 7

in this lung zone, there is slightly reduced perfusion due to the alveoli compressing the venous side

Answer 7

zone 2

Question 8

in this lung zone, there is high ventilation and high perfusion

Answer 8

zone 3

Question 9

in this mechanism, vasoconstriction occurs in order to redirect blood away form areas with low ventilation

Answer 9

hypoxic vasoconstriction

Question 10

in this mechanism, bronchoconstriction occurs to reroute air from places with lack of perfusion

Answer 10

compensatory bronchoconstriction

Question 11

this type of shunt moves oxygenated blood to deoxygenated blood

*double oxygenation

Answer 11

left to right shunt

Question 12

this type of shunt moves deoxygenated blood in with the oxygenated blood

Answer 12

right to left shunt

Question 13

these conditions are associated with what type of shunt?
patent ductus arteriosus
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect

Answer 13

left to right shunt

Question 14

this is the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 14

ventilation

Question 15

this is the process of the exchange of gas between the lungs and capillaries

Answer 15

perfusion

Question 16

if there is impaired ventilation, is the V/Q low or high?

Answer 16

low

Question 17

if there is blocked ventilation is the V/Q low or high?

Answer 17

very low

Question 18

if there is impaired perfusion, is V/Q low or high?

Answer 18

high

Question 19

this is ventilation of an area that’s not perfused or perfusion of an area that is not ventilated

Answer 19

V/Q mismatch

Question 20

in dead space, where there is no perfusion, what is the V/Q?

Answer 20

infinity
(Q= 0, can’t divide by 0)

Question 21

in right to left shunt, there is no ventilation, what is the P/Q?

Answer 21

0

Question 22

in a high V/Q, there is increased _____ and decreased ______

Answer 22

O2
CO2

Question 23

in low V/Q, there is increased _______ and decreased _______

Answer 23

CO2
O2

Question 24

this inspiratory center sets the frequency of inspiration via the phrenic nerve innervation of the diaphragm

Answer 24

DRG- dorsal respiratory center

Question 25

this respiratory group in the medulla in inactive during normal breathing.

Answer 25

ventral respiratory group

Question 26

in peripheral ventilation control, what structure senses decreased O2 and sends APs to the medualla?

Answer 26

carotid body (aortic body)

Question 27

what are the major 2 nerves involved in sending sensory respiratory information to the medulla?

Answer 27

CN9 and CN10

Question 28

in peripheral ventilation control, this molecule is the major factor

Answer 28

O2

Question 29

in central ventilation control, this molecule is the major factor

Answer 29

CO2

Question 30

this center mainly controls the depth of ventilation

Answer 30

pneumotaxic center (located in upper pons)

Question 31

this molecule has a very high affinity for Hb and will “kick out” O2

Answer 31

carbon monoxide

Question 32

respiratory ___________:
increased CO2
increased H+ and HCO3-
decreased pH

Answer 32

acidosis

Question 33

respiratory ________:
decreased CO2
decreased H+ and HCO3-
increased pH

Answer 33

alkalosis

Question 34

what are 5 major effects of a high altitude change?

Answer 34

induced vasoconstriction and increased viscosity–> RV hypertrophy
increased DPG–> O2 dissociation from Hb
increased RBC production
increased ventilation rate
decreased O2 and increased pH (due to hyperventilation)