Pulmonary- Ventilation and Respiration

Question 1

this type of respiration is the movement of O2 from the lungs into the blood and CO2 from the blood into lungs

Answer 1

external respiration

Question 2

this type of respiration is the movement of O2 from blood into tissues and CO2 from tissues into blood

Answer 2

internal respiration

Question 3

this is normal, at rest breathing

Answer 3

B- tidal volume

Question 4

this is forced exhalation after normal exhalation

Answer 4

C- expiratory reserve volume

Question 5

this is forced inhalation after normal inhalation

Answer 5

A- inspiratory reserve volume

Question 6

this is what’s in the lungs after forced exhalation (this air is required to keep alveoli from collapsing)

Answer 6

D- residual volume

Question 7

this is the total amount of inhalation possible

Answer 7

E- inspiratory capacity

Question 8

this if forced inhalation + forced expiration (the total amount of air we have control over)

Answer 8

G- vital capacity

Question 9

this is expiratory reserve volume + residual volume (pushing air requires positive pressure)

Answer 9

F- functional residual capacity

Question 10

this is the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute

Answer 10

minute ventilation

Question 11

this is minute ventilation with correction for the physiologic dead space

Answer 11

alveolar ventilation

Question 12

this is the volume of forced air after 1 sec

Answer 12

FEV1

Question 13

this is the total volume of air that can be pushed out of lungs in an untimed manner

Answer 13

FVC

Question 14

in this type of lung disease, resistance of flow of air out of the lungs produces a very small FEV1… but a closer to normal FVC

Answer 14

obstructive lung disease

Question 15

in this type of lung disease, reduced compliance of lungs leads leads to not much of a difference between FEV1 and FVC

Answer 15

restrictive disease
(lungs have less air because they can’t fully extend)

Question 16

this refers to the volume of the air in airways and lungs that doesn’t participate in gas exchange

Answer 16

dead space

Question 17

this type of dead space is where there is no alveoli present and its function is to carry air to the functional areas of the lungs

Answer 17

anatomic dead space

Question 18

this type of dead space refers to parts of the lung that do not participate in gas exchange

Answer 18

physiologic

Question 19

this law states that the pressure of gas varies inversely with its volume

Answer 19

Boyle’s Law

Question 20

intrapleural pressure is always _______ than alveolar pressure

Answer 20

less

Question 21

what are the two main factors of lung compliance?

Answer 21

stretchability of lung tissues
surface tension

Question 22

this lung disease has increased compliance

Answer 22

emphysema

Question 23

this lung disease has decreased compliance

Answer 23

fibrosis

Question 24

this substances decreases surface tension and cohesive forces of water and causes alveoli to assume the smallest diameter possible

Answer 24

surfactant

Question 25

this law is simple diffusion: high concentration to low concentration

Answer 25

Fick’s law

Question 26

how many chains does Hb have?

Answer 26

2 alpha and 2 beta

Question 27

how many oxygen molecules can one Hb carry?

Answer 27

4- 4 Fe for each chain can carry one O2 molecule each

Question 28

fetal Hb chains include…

Answer 28

2 alpha chains
2 gamma chains

Question 29

this molecule reduces Hb binding affinity for O2 by stabilizing deoxygenated Hb

Answer 29

DPG

Question 30

list the blood buffer equation

Answer 30

CO2 + H2O <–> H2CO3 <–> H+ + HCO3-

Question 31

do metabolic processes move the blood buffer equation to the right (H+) or left?

Answer 31

right- lower pH

Question 32

does a decreased pH lead to a higher or lower RR?

Answer 32

higher RR