Pulmonary- Ventilation and Respiration Flashcards
this type of respiration is the movement of O2 from the lungs into the blood and CO2 from the blood into lungs
external respiration
this type of respiration is the movement of O2 from blood into tissues and CO2 from tissues into blood
internal respiration
this is normal, at rest breathing
B- tidal volume
this is forced exhalation after normal exhalation
C- expiratory reserve volume
this is forced inhalation after normal inhalation
A- inspiratory reserve volume
this is what’s in the lungs after forced exhalation (this air is required to keep alveoli from collapsing)
D- residual volume
this is the total amount of inhalation possible
E- inspiratory capacity
this if forced inhalation + forced expiration (the total amount of air we have control over)
G- vital capacity
this is expiratory reserve volume + residual volume (pushing air requires positive pressure)
F- functional residual capacity
this is the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute
minute ventilation
this is minute ventilation with correction for the physiologic dead space
alveolar ventilation
this is the volume of forced air after 1 sec
FEV1
this is the total volume of air that can be pushed out of lungs in an untimed manner
FVC
in this type of lung disease, resistance of flow of air out of the lungs produces a very small FEV1… but a closer to normal FVC
obstructive lung disease
in this type of lung disease, reduced compliance of lungs leads leads to not much of a difference between FEV1 and FVC
restrictive disease
(lungs have less air because they can’t fully extend)
this refers to the volume of the air in airways and lungs that doesn’t participate in gas exchange
dead space
this type of dead space is where there is no alveoli present and its function is to carry air to the functional areas of the lungs
anatomic dead space
this type of dead space refers to parts of the lung that do not participate in gas exchange
physiologic
this law states that the pressure of gas varies inversely with its volume
Boyle’s Law
intrapleural pressure is always _______ than alveolar pressure
less
what are the two main factors of lung compliance?
stretchability of lung tissues
surface tension
this lung disease has increased compliance
emphysema
this lung disease has decreased compliance
fibrosis
this substances decreases surface tension and cohesive forces of water and causes alveoli to assume the smallest diameter possible
surfactant
this law is simple diffusion: high concentration to low concentration
Fick’s law
how many chains does Hb have?
2 alpha and 2 beta
how many oxygen molecules can one Hb carry?
4- 4 Fe for each chain can carry one O2 molecule each
fetal Hb chains include…
2 alpha chains
2 gamma chains
this molecule reduces Hb binding affinity for O2 by stabilizing deoxygenated Hb
DPG
list the blood buffer equation
CO2 + H2O <–> H2CO3 <–> H+ + HCO3-
do metabolic processes move the blood buffer equation to the right (H+) or left?
right- lower pH
does a decreased pH lead to a higher or lower RR?
higher RR