Vertebral Column Flashcards
What consist the vertebral column?
33 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacral, and 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae)
Vertebral column:
__ the spinal cord,
__ the weight of the head and trunk, and
allow the movement of __ __ for __ by articulation with the ribs
protects,
supports
rib cage,
respiration
Where are the primary curvatures located and when do they develop?
located in the thoracic and sacral regions and develop during embryonic and fetal periods
Where are the secondary curvatures located and when do they develop?
located in the cervical and lumbar regions and develop after birth and during infancy
What is the shape of primary curvatures?
Kyphotic (convex)
What is the shape of secondary curvatures?
Lordotic - concave
Why do secondary curvatures develop?
Because of the increased mobility in the neck and the lower extremity as a person age
An abnormally increase thoracic curvature resulting from osteoporosis
Kyphosis (hunchback or humpback)
An abnormally increased lumbar curvature resulting from trunk muscular weakness or osteomalacia
Lordosis (swayback or saddle back)
Lateral deviation resulting from unequal growth of the vertebral column, pathologic erosion of vertebral bodies, or asymmetric paralysis or weakness of vertebral muscles
Scoliosis
Who often experiences lordosis?
pregnant women
Form the secondary cartilaginous joints between the bodies of two vertebrae from the axis to the sacrum.
Intervertebral Disk
Intervertebral Disk serves as a cushion between the vertebrae, to __ __ and to allow __ __
prevent too much friction
minimal mobility
Is there a disk between atlas and axis?
No
What vertebra have intervertebral disks?
axis to sacrum
Which is the collagenous part of intervertebral disk and how is it located?
Anulus fibrosus
More peripherally located
Which is the colloid part of intervertebral disk and how is it located?
Nucleus pulposus Located centrally
Consists of a body and a vertebral arch with several processes for muscular and articular attachments.
Typical Vertebra
A short cylinder, supports weight, and is separated and also bound together by the intervertebral disks, forming the cartilaginous joints.
Body
What structures do the body have that serves as attachment for ribs?
Costal facets / processes of thoracic vertebrae
How is the vertebral body and vertebral arch located?
vertebral body - anterior
vertebral arch - posterior
Generative change due to osteoarthritis of the vertebral joints of the vertebral column
Spondylosis
there’s a break in the pars interarticularis but no dislocation
Spondylolysis
a forward displacement of one vertebra over another, usually of the fifth lumbar over the body of the sacral 1 (S1), or of the fourth lumbar over the fifth; it is usually due to a development defect or traumatic fracture of the pedicle, lamina, or facets (pars interarticularis).
Spondylolisthesis