skeletal

Question 1

Consists of axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

Skeletal System

Question 2

○ Bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Answer 2

Axial skeleton

Question 3

Bones of the extremities

Answer 3

Appendicular skeleton

Question 4

calcified connective tissue consisting of cells, embedded in a matrix of ground substance and collagen fibers

Answer 4

Osteocytes

Question 5

superficial thin layer; hard part of the bone

Answer 5

Compact bone

Question 6

a central mass where the compact bone is

Answer 6

Spongy bone -

Question 7

internal soft tissue, where blood cells are formed

Answer 7

Bone marrow

Question 8

• Serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorous

* Acts as biomechanical levers on which muscles act to produce the movements permitted by joints

Answer 8

Bone

Question 9

Bone classification accdg to shape

Answer 9

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 10

bone classification based on their developmental history

Answer 10

Endochondral

intramembranous

Question 11

center; bones of chicken we can eat/chew

Answer 11

medullary cavity

Question 12

outer covering of the bone

Answer 12

Periosteum

Question 13

center; cancellous bone; where medullary cavity is located; where red blood cells form (bone marrow)

Answer 13

spongy bone

Question 14

Long Bones?

Answer 14

• Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 15

replacement of hyaline cartilage plate

Answer 15

endochondral ossification

Question 16

forms the shaft (central region) and is composed of a thick tube of compact bone that encloses the marrow cavity

Answer 16

Diaphysis

Question 17

a part of the diaphysis, the growth zone between the diaphysis and epiphysis during bone development

Answer 17

Metaphysis

Question 18

expanded articular ends, separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate during bone growth and composed of spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

Answer 18

Epiphyses

Question 19

approximately cuboid-shaped

Answer 19

Short Bones

Question 20

Short bones?

Answer 20

Carpal and tarsal bone

Question 21

Flat bones?

Answer 21

Ribs, sternum, scapulae, and bones in the vault of the skull

Question 22

irregular bones?

Answer 22

bones of the skull, vertebrae, and coxa

Question 23

Develop in certain tendons and reduce friction on the tendon, thus protecting it from excessive wear.

Answer 23

Sesamoid bones

Question 24

Sesamoid bone?

Answer 24

Patella

Question 25

Recite the long bones in the appendicular system (11)

Answer 25

``` Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna Metacarpals Phalanges of hand Femur Tibia Fibular Metasarsals Phalanges of foot ```

Question 26

Recite the short bones in the appendicular system (15)

Answer 26

``` Calcaneus Capitate Cuboid Hamate Lateral Cuneiform Lunate Medium Cuneiform Middle/Intermediate Cuneiform Navicular Pisiform Scaphoid Triquetrum Trapezoid Trapezium Talus ```

Question 27

Identify the flat bones in the appendicular system (1)

Answer 27

Scapula

Question 28

Recite the irregular bones of the appendicular system (4)

Answer 28

Os Coxae Ilium Ischium Pubis

Question 29

Identify the sesamoid bones in the appendicular system (1)

Answer 29

patella

Question 30

identify the irregular bones of vertebral column (10)

Answer 30

``` body of vertebrae pedicle transverse process superior articular process inferior articular process lamina spinous process vertebral foramen invertebral foramen transverse foramen ```

Question 31

identify the flat bones of the rib cage (7)

Answer 31

``` rib head of rib tubercle of rib sternum manubrium body of sternum xiphoid process ```

Question 32

identify the flat bones of Cranium bones (4)

Answer 32

``` frontal bone parietal bone occipital bone temporal bone (cranium vault) nasal bone ```

Question 33

identify the irregular bones of cranium bones

Answer 33

most cranium bones are irregular

Question 34

Places of union between two or more bones

Answer 34

Joints

Question 35

The nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles to move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles

Answer 35

Hilton's Law

Question 36

Joined by fibrous tissue have no joint cavities, and permit little movement.

Answer 36

Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses)

Question 37

Connected by fibrous connective tissue and found between the flat bones of the skull

Answer 37

Sutures

Question 38

Occur as the inferior tibiofibular and tympanostapedial syndesmoses

Answer 38

Syndesmoses (connect bones in the leg)

Question 39

a fibrous joint in the teeth

Answer 39

gomophoses

Question 40

United by cartilage and have no joint cavity

Answer 40

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 41

United by hyaline cartilage and permit little to no movement

Answer 41

Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses)

Question 42

Examples of Synchondroses

Answer 42

1-Epiphyseal plates | 2-sphenooccipital manubriosternal synchondroses

Question 43

Joined by fibrocartilage and are slightly movable joints

Answer 43

Secondary cartilaginous Joints (Symphyses)

Question 44

Examples of Symphyses

Answer 44

Pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disks

Question 45

Allows the greatest freedom of movement

Answer 45

Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joints

Question 46

Synovial joints are characterized by what features (4)

Answer 46

- Joint cavity - Articular (hyaline) cartilage - Synovial membrane - Articular capsule

Question 47

Only gliding or sliding movement in particular joints

Answer 47

Plane (Gliding) joints

Question 48

Examples of plane / gliding joints

Answer 48

carpal and tarsal bones

Question 49

Resemble door hinges and only allow flexion and extension.

Answer 49

Hinge (Ginglymus) Joints

Question 50

Example of hinge joints

Answer 50

elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints

Question 51

Only rotation (movement around a single longitudinal axis)

Answer 51

Pivot (Trochoid) Joints

Question 52

examples of pivot joints

Answer 52

radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint (AA)

Question 53

* Allows flexion and extension & abduction and adduction | * Have two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles (The shape of the articulation is ellipsoidal).

Answer 53

Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints

Question 54

examples of Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints

Answer 54

wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, knee, atlantooccipital (AO) joints

Question 55

* Resemble a saddle on a horse's back | * Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction but no axial rotation.

Answer 55

Saddle (Sellar) Joints

Question 56

examples of Saddle (Sellar) Joints

Answer 56

• Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC) and between the femur and patella

Question 57

* Formed by the reception of a globular (ball-like) head into a cup-shaped cavity and allow movement in many directions. * Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction

Answer 57

Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal or Cotyloid) Joints

Question 58

examples of Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal or Cotyloid) Joints

Answer 58

shoulder and hip joints