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General Anatomy 1 > skeletal > Flashcards

skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

○ Bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

A

Axial skeleton

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3
Q

Bones of the extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

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4
Q

calcified connective tissue consisting of cells, embedded in a matrix of ground substance and collagen fibers

A

Osteocytes

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5
Q

superficial thin layer; hard part of the bone

A

Compact bone

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6
Q

a central mass where the compact bone is

A

Spongy bone -

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7
Q

internal soft tissue, where blood cells are formed

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q
  • Serves as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorous

* Acts as biomechanical levers on which muscles act to produce the movements permitted by joints

A

Bone

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9
Q

Bone classification accdg to shape

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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10
Q

bone classification based on their developmental history

A

Endochondral

intramembranous

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11
Q

center; bones of chicken we can eat/chew

A

medullary cavity

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12
Q

outer covering of the bone

A

Periosteum

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13
Q

center; cancellous bone; where medullary cavity is located; where red blood cells form (bone marrow)

A

spongy bone

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14
Q

Long Bones?

A

• Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and phalanges

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15
Q

replacement of hyaline cartilage plate

A

endochondral ossification

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16
Q

forms the shaft (central region) and is composed of a thick tube of compact bone that encloses the marrow cavity

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

a part of the diaphysis, the growth zone between the diaphysis and epiphysis during bone development

A

Metaphysis

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18
Q

expanded articular ends, separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate during bone growth and composed of spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

A

Epiphyses

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19
Q

approximately cuboid-shaped

A

Short Bones

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20
Q

Short bones?

A

Carpal and tarsal bone

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21
Q

Flat bones?

A

Ribs, sternum, scapulae, and bones in the vault of the skull

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22
Q

irregular bones?

A

bones of the skull, vertebrae, and coxa

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23
Q

Develop in certain tendons and reduce friction on the tendon, thus protecting it from excessive wear.

A

Sesamoid bones

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24
Q

Sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

25
Q

Recite the long bones in the appendicular system (11)

A 
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges of hand
Femur
Tibia
Fibular
Metasarsals
Phalanges of foot
26
Q

Recite the short bones in the appendicular system (15)

A 
Calcaneus
Capitate
Cuboid
Hamate
Lateral Cuneiform
Lunate
Medium Cuneiform
Middle/Intermediate Cuneiform
Navicular
Pisiform
Scaphoid
Triquetrum
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Talus
27
Q

Identify the flat bones in the appendicular system (1)

A

Scapula

28
Q

Recite the irregular bones of the appendicular system (4)

A

Os Coxae
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

29
Q

Identify the sesamoid bones in the appendicular system (1)

A

patella

30
Q

identify the irregular bones of vertebral column (10)

A 
body of vertebrae
pedicle
transverse process
superior articular process
inferior articular process
lamina
spinous process
vertebral foramen
invertebral foramen
transverse foramen
31
Q

identify the flat bones of the rib cage (7)

A 
rib
head of rib
tubercle of rib
sternum
manubrium
body of sternum
xiphoid process
32
Q

identify the flat bones of Cranium bones (4)

A 
frontal bone
parietal bone
occipital bone
temporal bone 
(cranium vault)
nasal bone
33
Q

identify the irregular bones of cranium bones

A

most cranium bones are irregular

34
Q

Places of union between two or more bones

A

Joints

35
Q

The nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles to move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles

A

Hilton’s Law

36
Q

Joined by fibrous tissue have no joint cavities, and permit little movement.

A

Fibrous Joints (Synarthroses)

37
Q

Connected by fibrous connective tissue and found between the flat bones of the skull

A

Sutures

38
Q

Occur as the inferior tibiofibular and tympanostapedial syndesmoses

A

Syndesmoses (connect bones in the leg)

39
Q

a fibrous joint in the teeth

A

gomophoses

40
Q

United by cartilage and have no joint cavity

A

Cartilaginous Joints

41
Q

United by hyaline cartilage and permit little to no movement

A

Primary Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses)

42
Q

Examples of Synchondroses

A

1-Epiphyseal plates

2-sphenooccipital manubriosternal synchondroses

43
Q

Joined by fibrocartilage and are slightly movable joints

A

Secondary cartilaginous Joints (Symphyses)

44
Q

Examples of Symphyses

A

Pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disks

45
Q

Allows the greatest freedom of movement

A

Synovial (Diarthrodial) Joints

46
Q

Synovial joints are characterized by what features (4)

A
  • Joint cavity
  • Articular (hyaline) cartilage
  • Synovial membrane
  • Articular capsule
47
Q

Only gliding or sliding movement in particular joints

A

Plane (Gliding) joints

48
Q

Examples of plane / gliding joints

A

carpal and tarsal bones

49
Q

Resemble door hinges and only allow flexion and extension.

A

Hinge (Ginglymus) Joints

50
Q

Example of hinge joints

A

elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints

51
Q

Only rotation (movement around a single longitudinal axis)

A

Pivot (Trochoid) Joints

52
Q

examples of pivot joints

A

radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint (AA)

53
Q
  • Allows flexion and extension & abduction and adduction

* Have two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles (The shape of the articulation is ellipsoidal).

A

Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints

54
Q

examples of Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints

A

wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, knee, atlantooccipital (AO) joints

55
Q
  • Resemble a saddle on a horse’s back

* Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction but no axial rotation.

A

Saddle (Sellar) Joints

56
Q

examples of Saddle (Sellar) Joints

A

• Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC) and between the femur and patella

57
Q
  • Formed by the reception of a globular (ball-like) head into a cup-shaped cavity and allow movement in many directions.
    • Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction
A

Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal or Cotyloid) Joints

58
Q

examples of Ball-and-Socket (Spheroidal or Cotyloid) Joints

A

shoulder and hip joints

General Anatomy 1 (31 decks)

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