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General Anatomy 1 > nervous > Flashcards

nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system is anatomically divided into two:

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

components of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

components of PNS

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their associated ganglia

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4
Q

Nervous system is functionally divided into two:

A

Somatic

Autonomic/ Visceral

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5
Q

composed of neurons and ganglia

A

Nervous system

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6
Q

what does CNS contain?

A

relay neurons (interneurons)

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7
Q

what does PNS contain?

A

sensory neurons

motor neurons

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8
Q

neurotransmitter that is responsible for the action potential of skeletal
muscle to progress

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: for a muscle to move, ACh needs to be released from the spinal nerve

A

True

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10
Q

Dilates pupils

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Stimulates saliva flow

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

Relaxes bronchi

A

Sympathetic

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13
Q

Constricts bronchi

A

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Slows heartbeat

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Inhibits peristalsis and secretion

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Stimulates glucose production and release

A

Sympathetic

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17
Q

Secretion of adrenaline (norepinephrine) and noradrenaline

A

Sympathetic

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18
Q

Stimulates bile release

A

Parasympathetic

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19
Q

Inhibits bladder contraction

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Stimulates orgasm

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Structural and functional units of the nervous system (neuron doctrine)

A

Neurons

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22
Q

Components of neurons

A

cell bodies, dendrites, axons

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23
Q

component of neuron located in the gray matter of CNS

A

Cell bodies

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24
Q

Classification of Neurons Based on Structure

A

unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

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25
Where are sensory neurons of the PNS found?
in spinal and cranial nerve ganglion
26
Where are bipolar neurons found?
Found in the olfactory epithelium, the retina, and the inner ear
27
true or false: Majority of type of neurons are multipolar neurons.
true
28
Uncommon neuron
Anaxonic neuron
29
Collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS
ganglion
30
Collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS
nucleus
31
group of nerve fibers outside of CNS
nerve
32
group of nerve fibers within the CNS
tract
33
Is the fatlike substance forming a sheath around certain nerve fibers
myelin
34
Sites of functional contact of a neuron with another neuron, an effector (muscle, gland) cell, or a sensory receptor cell
Synapses
35
maintain extracellular movement
astrocyte, satellite cell
36
creates myelin
oligodendrocyte, schwann cell
37
immune surveillance and phagocytosis
microglia
38
create and circulate CSF
ependymal cell
39
most common type of synapse
axodendritic
40
Enclose within the cranium, or the brain case
brain
41
BRAIN gray matter: (loc) (composition) white matter: (loc) (composition)
gray matter: cortex (outer); cell bodies | white matter: inside; axons
42
SPINAL CORD gray matter: (loc) (composition) white matter: (loc) (composition)
SPINAL CORD gray matter: inside; cell bodies white matter: outside; axons
43
• Cylindrical, occupies approximately the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal, and is enveloped by the meninges.
spinal cord
44
Produced by vascular chronoid plexuses in the brain ventricles and found in the ventricle and subarachnoid space.
Cerebrospinal fluid
45
spinal cord Has a conical end known as the _ _
conus medullaris
46
level of the termination of the spinal cord: (a) adult (b) newborn
a) L2 | b) L3
47
how many bones are in cervical vertebrae and how many are its nerves?
7 bones, 8 nerves
48
collection of spinal nerves from the terminal portion of spinal nerve.
coda equina
49
fluid is collected (CSF) for brain pathology
Lumbar tap/puncture
50
Puncture or collection is done below the __ or __
L1 or L2
51
Consist of three layers of connective tissue membranes (pia, arachnoid, dura mater) that surround and protect the brain and spinal chord.
Meninges
52
the interval between the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with CSF.
subarachnoid space
53
Have motor fibers with cell bodies located within the CNS and sensory fibers with cell bodies that form sensory ganglia located outside the CNS.
Cranial Nerves
54
Cranial nerves emerge from the ventral aspect of the brain except for the __
trochlear nerve/ cranial nerve iv
55
Formed from the dorsal and ventral roots; each dorsal root has a ganglion that is within the intervertebral foramen.
Spinal Nerves
56
Spinal Nerves are Connected with the sympathetic chain ganglia by __ __
rami communicantes
57
spinal nerves are divided into 2:
ventral and dorsal primary rami.
58
dorsal primary rami innervate __
posterior muscles
59
ventral primary rami innervate __
anterior muscles and forms plexuses
60
Responsible for the motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body.
autonomic nervous system
61
autonomic nervous system 3 divisions
sympa parasympa enteric
62
Have preganglionic nerve cell bodies that are located in __ to __/__
T1 to L2/L3
63
Where are preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic?
Cranial nerves 1973
64
Sympathetic nerve fibers are for energy consumption or __
catabolism
65
Parasympathetic nerve fibers are for energy conservation or __
Homeostasis / anabolism
66
Sympa: (length) (neurotransmitters) preganglionic: postganglionic:
Sympa: preganglionic: short, acetylcholine postganglionic: long; norepinephrine
67
Parasympa: (length) (neurotransmitters) preganglionic: postganglionic:
parasympa: acetylcholine preganglionic: long postganglionic: short
68
• Consists of enteric ganglia (parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies) and plexus of GI tract, including the myenteric (Auerbach's) and submucosal (Meissner's) plexuses.
Enteric Division
69
Responsible with GI motility
myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus
70
secretory functions
submucosal (Meissner's) plexus

General Anatomy 1 (31 decks)

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