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General Anatomy 1 > nervous > Flashcards

nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system is anatomically divided into two:

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

components of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

components of PNS

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their associated ganglia

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4
Q

Nervous system is functionally divided into two:

A

Somatic

Autonomic/ Visceral

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5
Q

composed of neurons and ganglia

A

Nervous system

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6
Q

what does CNS contain?

A

relay neurons (interneurons)

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7
Q

what does PNS contain?

A

sensory neurons

motor neurons

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8
Q

neurotransmitter that is responsible for the action potential of skeletal
muscle to progress

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: for a muscle to move, ACh needs to be released from the spinal nerve

A

True

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10
Q

Dilates pupils

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

Stimulates saliva flow

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

Relaxes bronchi

A

Sympathetic

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13
Q

Constricts bronchi

A

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Slows heartbeat

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Inhibits peristalsis and secretion

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Stimulates glucose production and release

A

Sympathetic

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17
Q

Secretion of adrenaline (norepinephrine) and noradrenaline

A

Sympathetic

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18
Q

Stimulates bile release

A

Parasympathetic

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19
Q

Inhibits bladder contraction

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Stimulates orgasm

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Structural and functional units of the nervous system (neuron doctrine)

A

Neurons

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22
Q

Components of neurons

A

cell bodies, dendrites, axons

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23
Q

component of neuron located in the gray matter of CNS

A

Cell bodies

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24
Q

Classification of Neurons Based on Structure

A

unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

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25
Q

Where are sensory neurons of the PNS found?

A

in spinal and cranial nerve ganglion

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26
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

Found in the olfactory epithelium, the retina, and the inner ear

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27
Q

true or false: Majority of type of neurons are multipolar neurons.

A

true

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28
Q

Uncommon neuron

A

Anaxonic neuron

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29
Q

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

30
Q

Collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS

31
Q

group of nerve fibers outside of CNS

32
Q

group of nerve fibers within the CNS

33
Q

Is the fatlike substance forming a sheath around certain nerve fibers

34
Q

Sites of functional contact of a neuron with another neuron, an effector (muscle, gland) cell, or a sensory receptor cell

35
Q

maintain extracellular movement

A

astrocyte, satellite cell

36
Q

creates myelin

A

oligodendrocyte, schwann cell

37
Q

immune surveillance and phagocytosis

38
Q

create and circulate CSF

A

ependymal cell

39
Q

most common type of synapse

A

axodendritic

40
Q

Enclose within the cranium, or the brain case

41
Q

BRAIN
gray matter: (loc) (composition)
white matter: (loc) (composition)

A

gray matter: cortex (outer); cell bodies

white matter: inside; axons

42
Q

SPINAL CORD
gray matter: (loc) (composition)
white matter: (loc) (composition)

A

SPINAL CORD
gray matter: inside; cell bodies
white matter: outside; axons

43
Q

• Cylindrical, occupies approximately the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal, and is enveloped by the meninges.

A

spinal cord

44
Q

Produced by vascular chronoid plexuses in the brain ventricles and found in the ventricle and subarachnoid space.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

spinal cord Has a conical end known as the _ _

A

conus medullaris

46
Q

level of the termination of the spinal cord: (a) adult (b) newborn

A

a) L2

b) L3

47
Q

how many bones are in cervical vertebrae and how many are its nerves?

A

7 bones, 8 nerves

48
Q

collection of spinal nerves from the terminal portion of spinal nerve.

A

coda equina

49
Q

fluid is collected (CSF) for brain pathology

A

Lumbar tap/puncture

50
Q

Puncture or collection is done below the __ or __

51
Q

Consist of three layers of connective tissue membranes (pia, arachnoid, dura mater) that surround and protect the brain and spinal chord.

52
Q

the interval between the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with CSF.

A

subarachnoid space

53
Q

Have motor fibers with cell bodies located within the CNS and sensory fibers with cell bodies that form sensory ganglia located outside the CNS.

A

Cranial Nerves

54
Q

Cranial nerves emerge from the ventral aspect of the brain except for the __

A

trochlear nerve/ cranial nerve iv

55
Q

Formed from the dorsal and ventral roots; each dorsal root has a ganglion that is within the intervertebral foramen.

A

Spinal Nerves

56
Q

Spinal Nerves are Connected with the sympathetic chain ganglia by __ __

A

rami communicantes

57
Q

spinal nerves are divided into 2:

A

ventral and dorsal primary rami.

58
Q

dorsal primary rami innervate __

A

posterior muscles

59
Q

ventral primary rami innervate __

A

anterior muscles and forms plexuses

60
Q

Responsible for the motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body.

A

autonomic nervous system

61
Q

autonomic nervous system 3 divisions

A

sympa
parasympa
enteric

62
Q

Have preganglionic nerve cell bodies that are located in __ to __/__

A

T1 to L2/L3

63
Q

Where are preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic?

A

Cranial nerves 1973

64
Q

Sympathetic nerve fibers are for energy consumption or __

A

catabolism

65
Q

Parasympathetic nerve fibers are for energy conservation or __

A

Homeostasis / anabolism

66
Q

Sympa: (length) (neurotransmitters)
preganglionic:
postganglionic:

A

Sympa:

preganglionic: short, acetylcholine
postganglionic: long; norepinephrine

67
Q

Parasympa: (length) (neurotransmitters)
preganglionic:
postganglionic:

A

parasympa: acetylcholine
preganglionic: long
postganglionic: short

68
Q

• Consists of enteric ganglia (parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies) and plexus of GI tract, including the myenteric (Auerbach’s) and submucosal (Meissner’s) plexuses.

A

Enteric Division

69
Q

Responsible with GI motility

A

myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

70
Q

secretory functions

A

submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

General Anatomy 1 (31 decks)

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