circulatory Flashcards
• Functions to transport vital materials such as oxygen, nutrients, and waste products including carbon dioxide, hormones, defense elements, and ells involved in wound healing.
Vascular system
what consists circulatory system?
heart and vessels
a set of channels that begin in the tissue spaces and return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
lymphatic vessels
• Transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and returns it to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Pulmonary Circulation
Transports blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to all parts of the body and returns it to the right atrium through the superior and inferior venae cavae and the cardiac veins.
Systemic Circulation
when there’s decrease oxygen, it would vasodilate
Hypoxic vasodilation
where does Hypoxic vasodilation occur?
Systemic Circulation
A hollow, muscular, four-chambered organ that pumps blood to two seperate circulatory loops, the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation.
Heart
what is the pacemaker of the heart?
sinoatrial node
Receives oxygenated blood from the right and left coronary arteries, which arise from the __ __
ascending aorta
Describe systemic circulation process
○ Left atrium - mitral/ bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta
Describe pulmonary circulation process
○ Right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle- pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery
- Carry blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.
- Carry blood to the intestines, where nutritive materials in fluid form are absorbed, and to the endocrine glands, where hormones pass through the vessel walls and are distributed to target cells.
- Transport the waste products of tissue fluid to the kidneys, intestines, lungs, and skin, where they are excreted.
Blood Vessels
4 types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries, and sinusoids.
what are the parts of an artery?
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa/adventitia
what are the parts of tunica intima?
internal elastic membrane, endothelium
what is the largest amount in elastic arteries?
elastic fibers
what is the largest amount in muscular arteries?
smooth muscles
what is missing in arteriole?
tunica externa/adventitia
what is present in the endothelium of arteriole?
fenestrations so blood can be transported outside the vessel
what is the term for tunica intima in arteriole?
basement membrane
• Composed of endothelium and its basement membrane and connect the arterioles to the venules.
capillaries
• The sites of exchange of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the tissues and the blood.
capillaries
it is where the arterioles and venules have direct connections
arteriovenous anastomoses) or shunts
no capillary intervening between arteries and vein; can be dangerous; not normal in some parts of the body
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the brain
• Return blood to the heart from the capillary beds and consist of the pulmonary veins, which return oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs, and the systemic veins, which return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the rest of the body.
Veins
prevent the reflux of blood in veins
valves
composition of veins that closely accompany muscular arteries in the limbs
venae comitantes
• Wider and more irregular than capillaries and substitute for capillaries in some organs, such as the liver, spleen, red bone marrow, adenohypophysis (in pituitary gland), suprarenal cortex, and parathyroid glands.
Sinusoids
Sinusoids Often contain phagocytic cells on their walls and form a part of the __ __ which is concerned chiefly with phagocytosis and antibody formation.
reticuloendothelial system
• Is a system in which blood collected from one capillary network passes through a large vessel(s) and then a second capillary network before it returns to the systemic circulation.
Portal System
blood from the intestinal capillary bed passes through the hepatic portal vein and then hepatic capillaries (sinusoids) to the hepatic veins
hepatic portal system
blood from the hypothalamic capillaries passes through the hypophyseal portal veins and then the pituitary capillary sinusoids to the hypophyseal veins.
hypophyseal portal system
blood circulation of liver
hepatic portal circulation
What is the thick part in vein which is thin in artery?
tunica adventitia
Which has lower pressure, vein or artery?
vein
describe hepatic portal circulation process
artery, first capillary bed, portal venules, hepatic portal vein, second capillary bed (more dilated and bigger): sinusoids, hepatic vein, to the venous system (inferior vena cava)
