Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
- Blood supply of ovary and its origin and drainage
- ovaries receive sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation from?
- Lymph drainage of ovaries
A
- ovarian arteries: abdominal aorta
- ovarian veins;
- Left: Left renal vein
- Right: IVC
- ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexuses
- para-aortic nodes
2
Q
Two peritoneal ligaments attach to the ovary;
- fold of peritoneum extending from the mesovarium to the pelvic wall. Contains neurovascular structures.
- extends from the ovary to the fundus of the uterus. It then continues from the uterus to the connective tissue of the labium majus, as the round ligament of uterus.
A
- Suspensory ligament of ovary
2. Ligament of ovary
3
Q
Three main histological features of Ovary:
- formed by simple cuboidal epithelium (known as germina epithelium). Underlying this layer is a dense connective tissue capsule.
- comprised of a connective tissue stroma and numerous ovarian follicles. Each follicle contains an oocyte, surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells.
- formed by loose connective tissue and a rich neurovascular network, which enters via the hilum of the ovary.
A
- Surface
- Cortex
- Medulla
4
Q
- female gonads
- Where do gonads develop and where do female gonads stop?
- Where are these female gonads attached?
- Where do the neurovascular structures enter the hilum of the ovary?
- Main functions of female gonads
A
- Ovaries
- mesonephric ridge; pelvis
- posterior surface of the broad ligament of the uterus by the mesovarium
- mesovarium
- produce oocytes (female gametes)
- produce the sex steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, in
response to pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH)
5
Q
- Four Parts of Fallopian tube
- Blood supply
- Lymph drainage
- Uterine tubes receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation via nerve fibres from the?
- Sensory afferent fibres of uterine tubes run from?
A
- Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus
- uterine and ovarian arteries; uterine and ovarian veins
- iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes (isa)
- ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexuses
- T11- L1
6
Q
- They waft the ovum towards the uterus and supply it with nutrients.
- Lining of (1)
- contracts to assist with transportation of the ova and sperm. Muscle is sensitive to sex steroids, and thus peristalsis is greatest when estrogen levels are high
A
- inner mucosa
- Ciliated columnar epithelial cells and Peg cells (non-ciliated secretory cells)
- Smooth muscle layer
7
Q
- are muscular J-shaped’ tubes, found in the female reproductive tract
- lie in the upper border of the broad ligament, extending laterally from the uterus, opening into the abdominal cavity, near the ovaries
- assist in the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary, to the uterus
A
uterine tubes/ fallopian tubes/ oviducts/ salpinx
8
Q
Blood supply of Uterus
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage
A
uterine artery
a plexus in the broad ligament that drains into the Uterine Veins
iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes (isai)
9
Q
Uterus
- This is a double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis. It acts as a mesentery for the uterus and contributes to maintaining it in position.
- A remnant of the gubernaculum extending from the uterine horns to the labia majora via the inguinal canal. It functions to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus.
- Joins the ovaries to the uterus.
- Located at the base of the broad ligament, the cardinal ligament extends from the cervix to the lateral pelvic walls. It contains the uterine artery and vein in addition to providing support to the uterus.
- Extends from the cervix to the sacrum. It provides support to the uterus.
A
- Broad Ligament
- Round Ligament:
- Ovarian Ligament
- Cardinal Ligament
- Uterosacral Ligament
10
Q
- Tissue layers of fundus and body of uterus
- Changes little throughout the menstrual cycle and is not shed at menstruation.
- Proliferates in response to oestrogens, and becomes secretory in response to progesterone. It is shed during menstruation and regenerates from cells in the stratum basalis layer.
A
- Peritoneum, Myometrium, Endometrium
- Deep stratum basalis
- Superficial stratum functionalis
11
Q
- Three Parts of Uterus
- How does the exact anatomical location of the uterus vary?
- Descriptions of normal adult uterus
- Normal relations of uterus
A
- Fundus, Body, Cervix
- with the degree of distension of the bladder
- anteverted with respect to the vagina
- anteflexed with respect to the cervix
- posterosuperior - bladder
- anterior - rectum
12
Q
- a secondary sex organ
- responsible for the maintenance and transportation of gametes
- a thick-walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fetus.
- it is connected distally to the vagina, and laterally to the uterine tubes
A
Uterus
13
Q
- Functions of Cervix
- What maintains sterile environment of cervix?
- Blood supply of cervix?
- Venous drainage?
- Lymph drainage?
A
- passage of sperm
- Maintains sterility of the upper female reproductive tract
- passage of sperm
- Frequent Shedding of the endometrium, thick cervical mucus and a narrow external os
- Uterine Artery
- a plexus in the broad ligament that drains into the Uterine Veins
- iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes (isai)
14
Q
- the more proximal, and ‘inner’ part of the cervix.
- It is lined by a mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium.
- endocervical canal ends, and the uterine cavity begins, at a narrowing called
A
- endocervical canal (or endocervix)
2. internal os
15
Q
- the portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina.
- It is lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.
- the portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina.
- opening in the ectocervix, marks the transition from the ectocervix to the endocervical canal
A
- ectocervix
2. external os
