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General Anatomy 1 > Coronary Arteries, Great Vessels, and Posterior Mediastinum (Part 4) > Flashcards

Coronary Arteries, Great Vessels, and Posterior Mediastinum (Part 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Arise from the ascending aorta and are filled with blood during the ventricular diastole.

A

Coronary Arteries

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2
Q

When is coronary artery usually filled with blood?

A

During ventricular diastolic phase

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3
Q

When does heart have minimal blood flow?

A

during systole

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4
Q

Why is there minimal blood flow during systole?

A

because of compression of the arterial branches in the myocardium

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5
Q

When does the heart relaxes hence the maximum blood flow?

A

During ventricular diastolic

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6
Q

Arises from the anterior (right) aortic sinus of the ascending aorta, runs between the root of the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle, and then descends in the right coronary sulcus, and generally supplies the right atrium and ventricle

A

Right Coronary Artery

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7
Q

Passes between the right atrium and the root of the ascending aorta, encircles the base of the SVC, and supplies the SA node and the right atrium.

A

SA Nodal Artery

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8
Q

Runs along the inferior border toward the apex and supplies the inferior margin of the right ventricle.

A

Marginal Artery

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9
Q

Arises opposite the origin of its posterior IV artery and supplies the AV node.

A

AV Nodal Artery

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10
Q

Is a larger terminal branch and supplies a part of the IV septum and left ventricle and the AV node.

A

Posterior IV (Posterior Descending) Artery

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11
Q

Arises from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta, just above the aortic semilunar valve.

A

Left Coronary Artery

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12
Q

Is shorter than the right coronary artery and usually is distributed to more of the myocardium.

A

Left Coronary Artery

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13
Q

Generally supplies anterior aspects of the right and left ventricles and is the chief source of blood to the IV septum and the apex.

A

Anterior IV (Left Anterior Descending) Artery

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14
Q

Runs in the coronary sulcus, gives off the left marginal artery, supplies the left atrium and left ventricle, and anastomoses with the terminal branch of the right coronary artery.

A

Circumflex Artery

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15
Q

Is the largest vein draining the heart and lies in the coronary sulcus, which separates the atria from the ventricles.

A

Coronary Sinus

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16
Q

Opens into the right atrium between the opening of the IVC and the AV opening.

A

Coronary Sinus

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17
Q

Has a one-cusp valve at the right margin of its aperture.

A

Coronary Sinus

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18
Q

Receives the great, middle, and small cardiac veins; the oblique vein of the left atrium; and the posterior vein of the left ventricle.

A

Coronary Sinus

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19
Q

Begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along with the IV branch of the left coronary artery.

A

Great Cardiac Vein

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20
Q

together with LADA, this is also located in anterior interventricular groove

A

Great Cardiac Vein

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21
Q

Turns to the left to lie in the coronary sulcus and continues as the coronary sinus.

A

Great Cardiac Vein

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22
Q

Begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior IV groove, accompanying the posterior IV branch of the right coronary artery, draining to the coronary sulcus

A

Middle Cardiac Vein

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23
Q

Runs along the right margin of the heart in company with the marginal artery and then posteriorly in the coronary sulcus to end in the right end of the coronary sinus.

A

Small Cardiac Vein

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24
Q

Descends to empty into the coronary sinus, near its left end.

A

Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium

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25
Q

Drains the anterior right ventricle, crosses the coronary groove, and ends directly in the right atrium.

A

Anterior Cardiac Vein

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26
Q

What other structures drain into the right atrium?

A

SVC, IVC, Anterior Cardiac Vein, Coronary sinus

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27
Q

Begin in the wall of the heart and empty directly into its chambers.

A

Smallest Cardiac Veins (Venae Cordis Minimae)

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28
Q

Receive lymph from the myocardium and epicardium.

A

Lymphatic Vessels of the Heart

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29
Q

Where does right coronary artery empty?

A

anterior mediastinal nodes

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30
Q

Where does left coronary artery empty?

A

tracheobronchial node

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31
Q

Receives the superior, middle, and inferior cervical and thoracic cardiac nerves from the sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves

A

Cardiac Plexus

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32
Q

Division of cardiac plexus which lies beneath the arch of the aorta in front of the pulmonary artery

A

superficial cardiac plexus

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33
Q

Division of cardiac plexus which lies posterior to the arch of the aorta in front of the bifurcation of the trachea.

A

deep cardiac plexus

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34
Q

the right sympathetic and parasympathetic branches terminate chiefly in the region of the?

A

SA node

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35
Q

the left sympathetic and parasympathetic branches end chiefly in the region of the?

A

AV node

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36
Q

What are devoid in the cardiac muscle fibers and are activated by the conducting system?

A

motor endings

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37
Q

Supplies the heart with sympathetic fibers, which increase the heart rate and the force of the heartbeat and cause dilation of the coronary arteries, and parasympathetic fibers, which decrease the heart rate and constrict the coronary arteries.

A

Cardiac Plexus

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38
Q

Takes its origin from the left ventricle within the pericardial sac and ascends behind the sternum to end at the level of the sternal angle.

A

Ascending Aorta

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39
Q

Lies in the middle mediastinum, has three aortic sinuses located immediately above the cusps of the aortic valve, and gives off the right and left coronary artery.

A

Ascending Aorta

40
Q

Found within the superior mediastinum, begins as a continuation of the ascending aorta, and arches over the right pulmonary artery and the left main bronchus.

A

Arch of the Aorta

41
Q

Forms a prominence that is visible on the radiograph as the aortic knob.

A

Arch of the Aorta

42
Q

Gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries.

A

Arch of the Aorta

43
Q

Formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm, except the lungs and heart.

A

Superior Vena Cava

44
Q

Descends on the right side of the ascending aorta, receives the azygos vein, and enters the right atrium.

A

Superior Vena Cava

45
Q

What are the tributaries of SVC?

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

azygos vein

46
Q

Where is the upper half and lower half of SVC located?

A

up: superior mediastinum
down: middle mediastinum

47
Q

Arises from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle, passes obliquely upward and backward across the origin and on the left side of the ascending aorta within the fibrous pericardium, and bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries in the concavity of the aortic arch.

A

Pulmonary Trunk

48
Q

a sac formed by dilation of the aortic arch that compresses the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Aneurysm of the aortic arch

49
Q

is an inheritable disorder of connective tissue that affects the skeleton (causing long limbs), eyes (dislocated lens), lungs (pneumothorax), and heart and blood vessels (aortic root dilation, aortic aneurysm, aortic regurgitation, and mitral valve prolapse).

A

Marfan syndrome

50
Q

It may be treated with B-blocker medications that reduce aortic root dilation

A

Marfan syndrome

51
Q

a muscular tube (approximately 10 in. long) that extends from the pharynx to the stomach, descending behind the trachea.

A

Esophagus

52
Q

What are the three constrictions of esophagus?

A

upper or pharyngoesophageal constriction
middle or thoracic constriction
inferior or diaphragmatic constriction

53
Q

At what level is upper or pharyngoesophageal constriction?

A

cricoid cartilage (C6) (lumen narrows)

54
Q

What causes upper or pharyngoesophageal constriction?

A

cricopharyngeus muscle

55
Q

it is crossed by the aortic arch and then left main bronchus

A

middle or thoracic constriction

56
Q

Where is inferior or diaphragmatic constriction?

A

at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm (T10).

57
Q

Esophagus has a physiologic sphincter, which is the circular layer of smooth muscle at the gastroesophageal junction. What is it called?

A

inferior esophageal sphincter

58
Q

Where does esophagus receive blood?

A

inferior thyroid artery in the neck

59
Q

Receives blood from the inferior thyroid artery in the neck and branches of the aorta (bronchial and esophageal arteries) and from the left gastric and left inferior phrenic arteries in the thorax.

A

Esophagus

60
Q

is a condition of impaired esophageal contractions because of failure of relaxation of the inferior esophageal sphincter, resulting from degeneration of myenteric (Auerbach) plexus (parasympathetic nerves) in the esophagus.

A

Achalasia of esophagus

61
Q

is a systemic collagen vascular disease and has clinical features of dysphagia for solids and liquids, severe heartburn, and esophageal stricture

A

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

62
Q

Where does thoracic aorta begin?

A

T4 vertebra

63
Q

Where will thoracic aorta pass to become abdominal aorta?

A

aortic hiatus of the diaphragm

64
Q

What thoracic level will thoracic aorta pierce the diaphragm?

A

T12

65
Q

It descends on the left side of the vertebral column and then approaches the median plane to end in front of the vertebral column by passing through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm.

A

Thoracic Aorta

66
Q

What does Thoracic Aorta give rise to?

A

nine pairs of posterior intercostal arteries

one pair of subcostal arteries

67
Q

Also gives rise to pericardial, bronchial (one right and two left), esophageal, mediastinal, and superior phrenic branches

A

Thoracic Aorta

68
Q
  • Congenital condition wherein the arch of aorta is constricted
A

Coarctation of the aorta

69
Q

Where is blood pressure higher and lower in Coarctation of the aorta?

A

higher in upper extremity

lower in lower extremity

70
Q

Where will blood go in Coarctation of the aorta to go to lower extremities?

A

Blood will go to anastomosing areas (posterior intercostal artery) to connect to descending aorta

71
Q

Where does posterior intercostal arteries arise?

A

1st and 2nd from superior intercostal artery of costovertical trunk of 2nd part of subclavian artery
lower 9 arteries from descending aorta

72
Q

Where does subcostal artery arise?

A

from the descending aorta

73
Q

Is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar and right subcostal veins. Its lower end is connected to the IVC.

A

Azygos (Unpaired) Vein

74
Q

Arches over the root of the right lung and empties into the SVC, of which it is the first tributary

A

Azygos (Unpaired) Vein

75
Q

Receives the right intercostal veins, the right superior intercostal vein, and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins.

A

Azygos (Unpaired) Vein

76
Q

How does Azygos (Unpaired) Vein enter the thorax?

A

through the aortic opening of the diaphragm

77
Q

Is formed by the union of the left subcostal and ascending lumbar veins. Its lower end is connected to the left renal vein.

A

Hemiazygos Vein

78
Q

What does Hemiazygos Vein

receive?

A

9th, 10th, and 11th posterior intercostal veins.

79
Q

Begins at the fourth or fifth intercostal space; descends, receiving the fourth or fifth to eighth intercostal veins; turns to the right; passes behind the aorta; and terminates in the azygos vein.

A

Accessory Hemiazygos Vein

80
Q

Is formed by a union of the second, third, and fourth posterior intercostal veins and drains into the azygos vein on the right and the brachiocephalic vein on the left.

A

Superior Intercostal Vein

81
Q

The second, third, and often the fourth intercostal veins join to form the?

A

Superior Intercostal Vein

82
Q

Where does the first intercostal vein on each side drains into?

A

into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein

83
Q

Begins in the abdomen at the cisterna chyli, which is the dilated junction of the intestinal, lumbar, and descending intercostal trunks.

A

Thoracic Duct

84
Q

usually beaded because of its numerous valves and often forms double or triple ducts.

A

Thoracic Duct

85
Q

Drains the lower limbs, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, left upper limb, and left side of the head and neck.

A

Thoracic Duct

86
Q

Passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm and ascends through the posterior mediastinum between the aorta and the azygos vein.

A

Thoracic Duct

87
Q

Where does thoracic duct drain?

A

into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

88
Q

Drains the right sides of the thorax, upper limb, head, and neck.

A

Right Lymphatic Duct

89
Q

Where does Right Lymphatic Duct drain into?

A

into the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins

90
Q

What is the diaphragmatic opening at T8-T9?

A

Caval opening?

91
Q

What structures are found in Caval opening?

A

IVC, and some branches of right phrenic nerve

92
Q

What is the diaphragmatic opening at T10?

A

Esophageal hiatus

93
Q

What structures are found in Esophageal hiatus?

A

Esophagus
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Small esophageal arteries

94
Q

What is the diaphragmatic opening at T12?

A

Aortic hiatus

95
Q

What structures are found in Aortic hiatus?

A

Aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct

General Anatomy 1 (31 decks)

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