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General Anatomy 1 > Histology Lab Intro pdf > Flashcards

Histology Lab Intro pdf Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the tissues of the body and how these tissues are arranged to constitute organs.

A

Histology

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2
Q

Involved in all aspects of tissue biology, with the focus on how cells’ structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ.

A

Histology

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3
Q

Tissue have two interacting components:
__
__

A 
Cells
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
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4
Q

Supports the cells and the fluid that transports nutrients to the cells, and carries away their catabolites and secretory products.

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)

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5
Q

Consists of many kinds of macromolecules, most of which form complex structures, such as collagen fibrils and basement membranes.

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)

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6
Q

What are the complex structures contained in the ECM?

A

collagen fibrils

basement membranes

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7
Q

The cells produce the ECM and are also influenced and sometimes controlled by __ __

A

matrix molecules

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8
Q

Cells and matrix interact extensively, with many components of the matrix recognized by and attaching to __ __ __.

A

cell surface receptors

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9
Q

Many of these __ __ span the cell membranes and connect to structural components inside the cells.

A

protein receptors

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10
Q

__ __ has been invaluable in studying the functions of molecules

A

Cell culture

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11
Q

It allows the direct observation of cellular behavior

A

Cell Culture

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12
Q

In preparing cultures from a tissue or organ, cells must be dispersed __ or __

A

mechanically

enzymatically

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13
Q

Once isolated, the cells can be cultivated in a __ __ to which they adhere, usually as a __ __ _ __

A

clear dish

single layer of cells

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14
Q

Why is the ideal microscopic preparation preserved?

A

so that the tissue on the slide has the same structure and molecular composition as it had in the body

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15
Q

Why are cell and tissue structure treated and preserved immediately after removal from the body?

A

to avoid tissue digestion by enzymes present within the cells (autolysis) or by bacterias.

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16
Q

Fixation usually involves immersion in solutions of stabilizing or cross-linking compounds called __.

A

fixatives

17
Q

What are the 4 kinds of popular fixatives?

A

Aldehyde
Picrates
Alcohol
Oxidizing Agent

18
Q

What are the aldehyde fixatives?

A

Formalin - Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Paraformaldehyde (PFA)

19
Q

What are the picrates fixatives?

A

Bouin’s solution

20
Q

What are the alcohol fixatives?

A

Ethanol

Methanol

21
Q

What are the oxidizing agent fixatives?

A

osmium tetroxide
potassium dichromate
Potassium permanganate
chromic acid

22
Q

Tissues are embedded in a __ __ to facilitate __.

A

solid medium

sectioning

23
Q

In order to cut very thin sections, tissues must be __after fixation with embedding material that imparts a __ __ to the tissue.

A

infiltrated

rigid consistency

24
Q

What are included in the embedding materials?

A

paraffin

plastic resins

25
Q

used routinely for light microscopy

A

paraffin

26
Q

used for both light and electron microscopy

A

plastic resins

27
Q

tissue impregnation

A

PARAFFIN EMBEDDING

28
Q

• When tissue is filled with liquid paraffin, the impregnated tissue then hardens in a small container of paraffin at __ __.

A

room temperature

29
Q

Paraffin embedding is preceded by two other main steps:
__
__

A

Dehydration

Clearing

30
Q

A hardened block containing tissue and paraffin is placed in an instrument called a __ and sliced by the steel blade into extremely thin sections.

A

microtome

31
Q

• Paraffin sections are generally cut at __ __ thickness

A

1-10 μm

32
Q

The very thin sections are placed on __ __ and __

A

glass slides

stained

33
Q

Most cells and extracellular material are __ __, and to be studied microscopically sections must typically be stained (dyed)

A

completely colorless

34
Q

Cell components such as nucleic acids with a net negative charge (anionic) stain more readily with __ __ and are termed __; cationic components, such as proteins with many ionized amino groups, have affinity for __ __ and are termed __

A

basic dyes
basophilic
acid dyes
acidophilic

35
Q

Examples of Basic dyes

A

toluidine blue
alcian blue
methylene blue
hematoxylin

36
Q

Examples of Acid dyes

A

eosin
orange G
acid fuchsin

37
Q

What is the most used staining method?

A

simple combination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

General Anatomy 1 (31 decks)

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