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Organism 1 Finals > Vasculature: xylem and transpiration > Flashcards

Vasculature: xylem and transpiration Flashcards

1
Q

what are vasc tissues

A

specialized in rpid and efficient movement of solutes and solvents throughout the pnat

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2
Q

what are xylem tissues

A

specialized in the movement of water throughout the plant

transport mineral elements
support

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3
Q

what are he types of xylem cells

A

tracheary elements
fibers
perenchyma cells

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4
Q

characteristics of the tracheary element cells

A

highly specialized unique cells
dead at maturity
lack of vacuoles, nucleus, cytoplasm

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5
Q

role of tracheary elements

A

create xylem

it is the death and hardeing of parenchyma cells

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6
Q

2 types of tracheary elemt cells

A

tracheids

vessel elements

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7
Q

what are tracheids

A

long narrow cells with a large surface area/volume ratio
considered to be the first vasc tissue evolved
found in all vasc plants

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8
Q

what are pit membranes

A

porous modified primary cell walls

allow water nut traps large molecules and gasses

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9
Q

how does water flow in tracheids

A

between them and through thepit membranes

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10
Q

when did vessel elemnts evolve

A

late in plant history

gnetidae have a form of vessel element that evolved differently

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11
Q

what are vessel elements

A

shorter and wider than tracheids

have specialized divisions between adjacent vessel elements

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12
Q

what are perforation plates

A

divides vessel elements

lacks primary and secondary cell wall

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13
Q

how does water flow in vessel elements

A

rapidly

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14
Q

what is a bad thing about vessels

A

they are more vulnerable to air embolisms

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15
Q

what are air embolisms

A

when a gas inside vasculature obstructs water movement

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16
Q

fiber cells are made of wghat

A

sclenrenchyma cells

17
Q

what processes allow for bulk flow of water through the xylem

A

transpiration

adhesion/cohesion theory

18
Q

where does all the water absorbed by the plant go

A

99% of the water is converted to water vapor and lost in the atmosphere aka transpiration

19
Q

what does photosynthesis require

A
  • max light exposure : large surface area of leaves relative to low volume inside the cell
  • gas exchange: pores or stomata open passage between atmosphere and internal plant space
20
Q

consequence of maximizing photosynthesis

A

maximizing water loss

21
Q

how is water mainly lost in transpiration

A

through the stomata

22
Q

what is a stomata

A

specialized dermal cells in the plant

23
Q

what are guard cells

A

open and close stomata

controlled by environmental signals and solute concentrations in the cell

24
Q

what is needed to open guard cells

A

increased turgor pressure in cells

25
Q

how is turgor pressure increased

A

by drawing water into the celle through increasing the concentration of solutes in the guard cells

26
Q

why is it important for plants to control the flow of water out of the plant

A

if it is unchecked, the plant will use up all the water inside it and not be able to replace it and wilt

27
Q

is water transport in the plant active or passive

A

passive

28
Q

how can bulk flow of watr be passive

A

thanks to water potential and natural chemical properties of water

29
Q

where is water potential lower and higher in plants

A

lower =in leaves

higher= in roots

30
Q

how does water flow

A

from cells with high water potential to low water potential

31
Q

what is cohesion

A

attraction of 2 similar molecules to each other

32
Q

what happens because of the slight polarity of water

A

+ charged at one and end - charged at the other

molecules attract each other and drag along other water molecules

33
Q

what is adhesion in plants

A

water molcules are weakly attracted to the tracheary elements, adhere to them and pull other molecules along

34
Q

what creates difference in water potential in the plant

A

transpiration

35
Q

water moving through the xylem is a solution made of what

A 
solutes = mineral elements
solvent = water
36
Q

what happens to minerals when water evaporates

A

the minerals are left behind in the leaves and it creates an area of significant low water potential

37
Q

what is cohesion tension theory of water movement

A

combination of transpiration facilitating the movement of water in the plant and the cohesion/adhesion concept

38
Q

when does transpiration stop

A
  • plant needs to conserve water and closes stomata

- air is so humid that little transpiration takes place

39
Q

what is root pressure

A

when roots actively import ions into the xylem and create a new gradient from roots to xylem water potential

Organism 1 Finals (21 decks)

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