Respiration Flashcards
what is the unit of chemical energy
ATP molecule
what is respiration
the production of energy from glucose and oxygen
what is the equation of respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +energy
how much ATP is produced from 1 glucose molecule
38 ATP
what are the 3 components of respiration
- glycolysis
- krebs cycle/citric acid cycle
- electron transport chain
where does glycolysis take place
in the cytosol
what happens in glycolysis
glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvates and produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH
what are the 2 phases of glycolysis
preparatory phase: energy investment
payoff phase: energy production
what happens in the preparatory phase of glycolysis
2 ATP consumed
2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced
what happens in the payoff phase of glycolysis
4 ATP produced
2 NADH produced
2 pyruvate produced
what does the citric acid cycle use from glycolysis
the pyruvate
where does the krebs cycle take place
in the mitochondrion
what happens to the pyruvate in the cytosol
it is converted to acetyl coenzyme A within the mitochondrion
what does the krebs cycle produce for each acetyl coenzyme A
2 CO2 3 NADH 2 FADH2 1 ATP 1 oxaloacetate
where does the elctron tranport chain take place
over the inner mitochondrial membrane
what happens in the electron transport hain
transfers electrons from NADH to O2, producing H2O and powering 3 seperate proton pumps
generates an electrochemical gradient which powers ATP synthase integral membrane protein
what does the electron transport chain use from the krebs cycle
the NADH
what are the 3 integral membrane proteins in the electron transport chain
complex I
Complex III
Complex IV
what happens between the electron transport chain and complex I
2 electrons removed from NADH from the krebs cycle
4 protons moved into the intermembrane space
what happens between complex I and III
- electrons transport electrons
- CoenxymeQ moves electrons gathered from NADH in CI to CIII
what happens between CIII and CIV
2 electrons transfered to cytochrome C in the intermembrane
4 protons moved into the intermembrane space
what happens at the complex IV
pumps 4 protons into intermembrane space
4 protons combine with 4 electrons to create water
what does proton movement do
generated electrovhemical gradient
powers ATP synthase integral membrane proteins
what is anaerobic respiration
respiration without oxygen
what happens in plant cells during anaerobic respiration
- glycolysis proceeds
- no calvin cycle or electron transport chain
what does anaerobic respiration produce
- 2 ATP
- NAD+ recovered as NAPH
what is the end result of anaerobic resp in plants
ethanol
alcohol fermentation
what is the end result of anaerobic resp in aniamsl
lactic acid
lactic fermentation
why did anaerobic respiration evolve
used to be no atmospheric oxygen
life needed photosynthesis to evolve first to produce oxygen
