Respiration

Question 1

what is the unit of chemical energy

Answer 1

ATP molecule

Question 2

what is respiration

Answer 2

the production of energy from glucose and oxygen

Question 3

what is the equation of respiration

Answer 3

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +energy

Question 4

how much ATP is produced from 1 glucose molecule

Answer 4

38 ATP

Question 5

what are the 3 components of respiration

Answer 5

• glycolysis
• krebs cycle/citric acid cycle
• electron transport chain

Question 6

where does glycolysis take place

Answer 6

in the cytosol

Question 7

what happens in glycolysis

Answer 7

glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvates and produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 8

what are the 2 phases of glycolysis

Answer 8

preparatory phase: energy investment

payoff phase: energy production

Question 9

what happens in the preparatory phase of glycolysis

Answer 9

2 ATP consumed

2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced

Question 10

what happens in the payoff phase of glycolysis

Answer 10

4 ATP produced
2 NADH produced
2 pyruvate produced

Question 11

what does the citric acid cycle use from glycolysis

Answer 11

the pyruvate

Question 12

where does the krebs cycle take place

Answer 12

in the mitochondrion

Question 13

what happens to the pyruvate in the cytosol

Answer 13

it is converted to acetyl coenzyme A within the mitochondrion

Question 14

what does the krebs cycle produce for each acetyl coenzyme A

Answer 14

2 CO2
3 NADH
2 FADH2
1 ATP
1 oxaloacetate

Question 15

where does the elctron tranport chain take place

Answer 15

over the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 16

what happens in the electron transport hain

Answer 16

transfers electrons from NADH to O2, producing H2O and powering 3 seperate proton pumps

generates an electrochemical gradient which powers ATP synthase integral membrane protein

Question 17

what does the electron transport chain use from the krebs cycle

Answer 17

the NADH

Question 18

what are the 3 integral membrane proteins in the electron transport chain

Answer 18

complex I
Complex III
Complex IV

Question 19

what happens between the electron transport chain and complex I

Answer 19

2 electrons removed from NADH from the krebs cycle

4 protons moved into the intermembrane space

Question 20

what happens between complex I and III

Answer 20

• electrons transport electrons

- CoenxymeQ moves electrons gathered from NADH in CI to CIII

Question 21

what happens between CIII and CIV

Answer 21

2 electrons transfered to cytochrome C in the intermembrane

4 protons moved into the intermembrane space

Question 22

what happens at the complex IV

Answer 22

pumps 4 protons into intermembrane space

4 protons combine with 4 electrons to create water

Question 23

what does proton movement do

Answer 23

generated electrovhemical gradient

powers ATP synthase integral membrane proteins

Question 24

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 24

respiration without oxygen

Question 25

what happens in plant cells during anaerobic respiration

Answer 25

• glycolysis proceeds

- no calvin cycle or electron transport chain

Question 26

what does anaerobic respiration produce

Answer 26

• 2 ATP

- NAD+ recovered as NAPH

Question 27

what is the end result of anaerobic resp in plants

Answer 27

ethanol

alcohol fermentation

Question 28

what is the end result of anaerobic resp in aniamsl

Answer 28

lactic acid

lactic fermentation

Question 29

why did anaerobic respiration evolve

Answer 29

used to be no atmospheric oxygen

life needed photosynthesis to evolve first to produce oxygen