Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organism 1 Finals > Leaves > Flashcards

Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

what is the shoot

A

combination of the stem and the leaf

multicellular part of the plant containing vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the shoot responsible for

A

conductance of water, minerals and photosynthesis
photosynthesis
gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the stem

A

multicellular structure supporting the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the stem consist of

A

epidermal tissues
ground tissues
vascular tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the functions of the stem

A

support

cinductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what supports leaves

A

the stem

helps maximize exposure to leaf surfaces to sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is conductance in the stem

A

water transported from the roots to the leaves through the xylem and the stem

sugar produced in the leaves transported through the phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are 3 cell types in the stem

A

dermal tissue
ground tissue
vascular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are 3 cellular organizations in stems

A

woody
monocot
dicot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristic of woody stems

A

vasc is organized in a ring like structure called a vasc cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

characteristic of dicot herbaceous stem

A

discreet vasc bundles collected into a ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a vasc bundle

A

xylem and phloem together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of monocot herbaceous stems

A

scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissues of the stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 types of ground tissues in stems

A

parenchyma
collenchym
sclerenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can ground tissue types differ in stems

A 
cell wall thickness and types
function
location in the plant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

characteristics of sclerenchyma cells in stem

A

dead at maturity

well developed primary and secondary cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is function of sclerenchyma cells in stem

A

very firm structural support

plant fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

characteristics of collenchyma cells in stems

A

alive at maturity

primary cell walls vary in thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of collenchyma cells in stems

A

structural support with some flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

characteristics of parenchyma cells in stems

A

alive at maturity

thin primary cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

functions of parenchyma cells in stems

A

photosynthesis and respiration
storage
growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what directions can stems grow in

A

length

width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where does stem lengthen

A

primary growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are sites of primary growth

A

apical meristem

intercalary meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is apical meristem

A

site of all primary cell growth in the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how does growth take place in apical meristem

A

through successive mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the 3 mersitematic tissues in apical meristem

A

protoderm
procambium
ground mersitem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the 3 growth stages of the stems length

A

cell division
cell elongation
cell maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens in cell division of stem length

A

production of leaf primordia and buf primordia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what happens in cell elongation of stem length

A

xylem formation begins

cell elongate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens in cell maturation of stem length

A

maturation of vasculature

32
Q

what is protoderm

A

produces dermal tissues

33
Q

what is procambium

A

produces vasc tissues

34
Q

what is ground meristem

A

produces ground tissues

35
Q

what is leaf primordia

A

initial leaf tissue

36
Q

what is bud primordia

A

a new bud

37
Q

what are apical buds

A

terminal bud, the tallest apical mersitem

38
Q

what are lateral buds

A

found near a corresponding leaf

grows anywhere on plant

39
Q

what are phytomeres

A

units of growth produced by leaf and bud primordia

40
Q

what do phytomeres consist of

A

leaf
node
internode
lateral bud

41
Q

what is a node

A

section on the stem where leaves, buds or roots emerge

42
Q

what is an internode

A

length of stem between nodes

43
Q

what is the intercalary meristem

A

soot meristem which contributes to the lengthening of the internodal space

44
Q

where are intercalary meristems found

A

grasses

equistems

45
Q

what is secondary growth

A

the widening of stems and roots

46
Q

what are the sites of secondary growth

A

vascular cambium

cork cambium

47
Q

where is the vascular cambium

A

between the xylem and the phloem

48
Q

what does vascular cambium produce and where

A
  • xylem, inside vasc cambium towards center of stem

- phloem, exterior of vasc cambium towards the bark

49
Q

what is the role of the cork cambium

A

adding new dermal cells that can contain all the new growth

aka produces crok

50
Q

what is cork

A

very thick secondary cell walls

dead at maturity

51
Q

what is the leaf

A

multicellular structure containing vasculature

primary site of photosynthesis

52
Q

what does the leaf consist of

A

epidermal tissues
ground tissues
vascular tissues

53
Q

what are the functions of the leaf

A

support

conduct

54
Q

how is vasc tissue organized in leafs

A

into veins: parallel or netted

55
Q

what are important structures unique to leaves

A

palisade mesophyll

spongy mesophyll

56
Q

what are structures concentrated on leaves

A

stomata

guard cells

57
Q

what is mesophyll in leaf

A

main ground tissue

58
Q

what does leaf mesophyll consist of

A

parenchyma

59
Q

what are 3 types of cellular organization in leaf mesophyll

A

palissade
spongy
wreath like

60
Q

characteristics of palissade mesophyll

A

tall narrow parenchyma cells tightly packed behind the dermal cells
main site of photosynthesis
on all C3 plants not C4

61
Q

characteristics of spongy mesophyll

A

loosely arranged parenchyma cells
air between cells
contains vasculature
in all C3 photosynthesis plants not C4

62
Q

what happens to te leaf because of sun and shade

A

palissade and spongy mesophyll cells change their orientation and concentration depending on the relativr light in the environment

63
Q

characteristics of sun leaves

A

maximize photosynthesis
thicker cuticle to minimize water loss
taller palissade cells to take advantage of increased light

64
Q

characteristics of shade leaves

A

minimize limitiation of low light
use less energy
more spongy mesophyll cells to allow more gas in the leaf interior so light penetrates deeper in the leaf

65
Q

characteristics of wreath like mesophyll

A

concentrate around the vasc of the leaf
main site of photosynthesis in C4 plants
concentrates CO2 into malate
not in C3 plants

66
Q

characteristics of collenchyma cells in leaves

A

structural support function

mainly along the midvein of the leaf

67
Q

what are leaf dermal tissues specific adaptations

A

Desiccation protection
(cuticle, stomata and guard cells)
controlling photosynthetic rate
pathogen protection

68
Q

what is the cuticle

A

waxy layer secreted by plants to cover dermal cells

69
Q

what are stomata

A

pore for gas exchange of the surface of the leaf

necessary for efficient movement of water through vasculature

70
Q

what are guard cells

A

open and close stomata

71
Q

how does leaf dermal tissue control photosynthetic rate

A
  • transparent epidermal cells maximize access of sunlight to palissade mesophyll cells
  • movement of palissade parenchyma
  • accessory pigments absorb photons and release as fluorescence to prevent overloading reaction center
72
Q

what are trichomes

A

extension of dermal tissues
hair like form on leaves
theoretically used for pest deterrence

73
Q

what are 2 classes

A

glandular

unicellular/pluricellular

74
Q

what are unicellular trichomes

A

single elongated epidermal cell

75
Q

what are pluicellular trichomes

A

several cells forming a simple elongated structure

76
Q

what are glandular trichomes

A

last cell at the tip pf the trichome
chemical deterence
contain substances in cell vacuole for defense

Organism 1 Finals (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions