Seedless vascular plants

Question 1

what characterizes seedles vasc

Answer 1

roots
vasculature
lack of seeds
distinct stems and leaves

Question 2

what are the generalities of seedles vasc repro

Answer 2

depend on water
sporophyte begins to be the dominant generation
gamete spores are in different sizes (microspores and megaspores)

Question 3

what are microspores

Answer 3

structure that produce a male gamete in the antheridium that is sperm

Question 4

what are megaspores

Answer 4

structure that produces a female gamete in the archegonium that is the egg

Question 5

when are mega and microspores found

Answer 5

in heterosporous groups

homosporous see no size distinction in spores

Question 6

what is special about homosporous species

Answer 6

they produce physically distinct male and female gametophytes

Question 7

what is a microphyll

Answer 7

simple leaf with a single line of vasc tissue that doenst branch

Question 8

what is a megaphyll

Answer 8

leaves that have branching vasculature

Question 9

what is a sporophyll

Answer 9

a leaf that bears spores

Question 10

what is a megasporophyll

Answer 10

female leaf bearing spore

Question 11

what is a microsporophyll

Answer 11

a male leaf bearing spore

Question 12

can bryophytes have sporophylls

Answer 12

no because they dont have vasculature so they cant have leaves

Question 13

what are the 2 phylums in modern seedless vasc plants

Answer 13

lycopodiophyta

monilophyta

Question 14

what is special about lycopodium

Answer 14

they have spirally arranged microphylls
sporophylls are often in a strobilus
homosporous

Question 15

where is the sporangium in lycopodium

Answer 15

in the strobilus

Question 16

what happens to spores in strobilus in lycopodium

Answer 16

they grow into bisexual gametophytes that contain both archegonium and antheridia

Question 17

what are types of lycopodiophyta

Answer 17

lycopodium
selaginella
isoetes

Question 18

what are types of monilophyta

Answer 18

ferns

equisetuym

Question 19

what is special about selaginella

Answer 19

they have mircophylls
sporophylls are in a strobilus
they are heterosporous

Question 20

selaginella strobilus contains what

Answer 20

microspores

megaspores

Question 21

what are characteristics of the male gametophyte in selaginella

Answer 21

they are tiny
develop within the wall of the microspore
are a single vegetative cell and atheridium
spore wall breaks at maturity and releases sperm

Question 22

what are characteristics of the female gametophyte in selaginella

Answer 22

grows within cell wall of megaspore

archegonia is exposed to the exterior

Question 23

what is special about isoetes

Answer 23

mainly aquatic

heterosporous

Question 24

what is main difference between isoetes and other lycopodiophyta

Answer 24

spores are located at the base of their leaves

Question 25

what about isoetes microspores

Answer 25

contain athiridium and produce sperm

Question 26

what about isote megaspores

Answer 26

contain archegonium

accept sperm

Question 27

what are characteristics of ferns

Answer 27

leaves are megaphylls
stem is a siphonstele
xylem has only tracheids
mostly homosporous

Question 28

what are sporangia

Answer 28

produce spores

found under fern leaves

Question 29

what is a sorous

Answer 29

group of sporangia

Question 30

what is indusium

Answer 30

membranous cover sometimes found on sorus

Question 31

what is annulus

Answer 31

thickened cell wall on sporangium

snap open when air is dry to release spores in the wind

Question 32

what are characteristics of equisetum

Answer 32

hollow and jointed stems
silica in cells
branched or unbranched
strobili found on the tip or a separate non-photosyntheic fertile stem

Question 33

what are elators

Answer 33

found on equisetum spores

tails that uncoil to help spores float in the wind