Bryophytes

Question 1

how are bryophytes characterized by

Answer 1

• rhizoids
• no vasculature
• no seeds
• no leaves or stems
• small
• have stomata
• depend on water for repro
• gametophyte is dominant gen

Question 2

what are rhizoids and their role

Answer 2

simplified root like structure
holds bryophytes to structures
uptakes small amounts of water

Question 3

how are substances transported without vasculature

Answer 3

through the plasmodesmata of cells

Question 4

what are the consequences of lack of vasculature

Answer 4

hard to move substances on large distances, limits plant size because they cant support larger size

Question 5

how do bryophytes reproduce

Answer 5

by spores

Question 6

what are the stomata like structures

Answer 6

simplified pores for gas exchange

Question 7

main groups of seedless non vasc

Answer 7

bryophyta
marchantiophyta
athocerophyta

Question 8

what is the main group of seedless non vasc

Answer 8

bryophyta

Question 9

how are rhizoids structured

Answer 9

multicellular and branched

Question 10

how do mosses uptake water

Answer 10

• leaves are made of living and dead cells
• dead cells contain water
• cell walls are resistant to decay

Question 11

what do bryothyta lack of

Answer 11

• ligin: responsible for stifness = soft plants

- leaves

Question 12

how is the lifecycle in algae

Answer 12

2 seperate forms for gametophyte and sporopjyte

Question 13

how is lifecycle in bryophytes

Answer 13

2 structures of gametophyte and sporophyte on same individual

Question 14

how do bryophytes reproduce

Answer 14

raindrops transfer sperm from antheridia to archegonium where fertilization will take place and form sporophyet

Question 15

what is a capsule

Answer 15

what contains the spores

Question 16

what are other ways for mosses to reproduce

Answer 16

• pieces break off main body and become seperate individuals

- some species have asexual structures and divide through mitosis

Question 17

what do liverworts have in common with mosses

Answer 17

lack lignin
simple pores
rhizoids
reproduce asexually or through alt of gen

Question 18

what is different about liverworts and hornworts from mosses

Answer 18

thallus growth form possible

Question 19

where are the gametophyte and sporophyte in liverworts

Answer 19

at the stalk

Question 20

how do liverworts reproduce

Answer 20

rain transfers sperm from antheridia to archegonia

sporophytes form and mature in the archegonia

Question 21

what are gemmae cups

Answer 21

asexual reproducing structure

Question 22

what do hornworts have in common with mosses and liverworts

Answer 22

lack lignin
simple pores
rhizoids
asexual repro
alt of gen repro

Question 23

what is unique to hornworts

Answer 23

mucilage filled cavities in the cell that are symbioses with cyanobacteria

Question 24

how are rhizoids structured in liverworts and hornworts

Answer 24

unicellular

Question 25

what are the symbioses in hornworts

Answer 25

• they form associations with a specific genus of cyanobacteria
• cavitis in their vegetative tissues are filled with mucilage aka habitat for cyanobacteria

Question 26

why do hornworts for a symbioses with another photosynthesizer

Answer 26

they use them to acquire nitrogen

Question 27

how do hornworts reproduce

Answer 27

rain water allows sperm to travel along the gametophyte to the archegonum
fertilization happens in archegonium and sporophyte will emerge from there