Bryophytes Flashcards
how are bryophytes characterized by
- rhizoids
- no vasculature
- no seeds
- no leaves or stems
- small
- have stomata
- depend on water for repro
- gametophyte is dominant gen
what are rhizoids and their role
simplified root like structure
holds bryophytes to structures
uptakes small amounts of water
how are substances transported without vasculature
through the plasmodesmata of cells
what are the consequences of lack of vasculature
hard to move substances on large distances, limits plant size because they cant support larger size
how do bryophytes reproduce
by spores
what are the stomata like structures
simplified pores for gas exchange
main groups of seedless non vasc
bryophyta
marchantiophyta
athocerophyta
what is the main group of seedless non vasc
bryophyta
how are rhizoids structured
multicellular and branched
how do mosses uptake water
- leaves are made of living and dead cells
- dead cells contain water
- cell walls are resistant to decay
what do bryothyta lack of
- ligin: responsible for stifness = soft plants
- leaves
how is the lifecycle in algae
2 seperate forms for gametophyte and sporopjyte
how is lifecycle in bryophytes
2 structures of gametophyte and sporophyte on same individual
how do bryophytes reproduce
raindrops transfer sperm from antheridia to archegonium where fertilization will take place and form sporophyet
what is a capsule
what contains the spores
what are other ways for mosses to reproduce
- pieces break off main body and become seperate individuals
- some species have asexual structures and divide through mitosis
what do liverworts have in common with mosses
lack lignin
simple pores
rhizoids
reproduce asexually or through alt of gen
what is different about liverworts and hornworts from mosses
thallus growth form possible
where are the gametophyte and sporophyte in liverworts
at the stalk
how do liverworts reproduce
rain transfers sperm from antheridia to archegonia
sporophytes form and mature in the archegonia
what are gemmae cups
asexual reproducing structure
what do hornworts have in common with mosses and liverworts
lack lignin simple pores rhizoids asexual repro alt of gen repro
what is unique to hornworts
mucilage filled cavities in the cell that are symbioses with cyanobacteria
how are rhizoids structured in liverworts and hornworts
unicellular
