Cellular Movement

Question 1

what is bulk flow

Answer 1

water molecules moving together as a group as a result of potential energy

Question 2

what is water potential

Answer 2

potential energy of water

Question 3

what is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 3

pressure required to stop bulk flow of water

Question 4

what is a solute

Answer 4

substance dissolved into a solution

Question 5

what is a solvent

Answer 5

main component of solution

Question 6

what is diffusion

Answer 6

movement of solute molecules in a solvent in order to result in the equal distribution of solute molecules in the solvent

Question 7

what is a concentration gradient

Answer 7

difference on solute concentration over a distance

Question 8

what is osmosis

Answer 8

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential

Question 9

what is osmotic pressure

Answer 9

pressure required to stop water movement resulting from osmosis

Question 10

what keeps plant cells turgid

Answer 10

osmotic pressure

Question 11

what is plasmolysis

Answer 11

when water is drawn out of a cell in a solution with high concentration of solutes

Question 12

why can some molecules not cross membranes

Answer 12

too large

too polar

Question 13

what are integral membrane proteins

Answer 13

proteins that let selected compounds trough the membrane

Question 14

what are 2 types of transport through integral membrane proteins

Answer 14

facilitated transport

active transport

Question 15

what are 2 types of facilitated transport

Answer 15

channel

carrier

Question 16

what are passive transport

Answer 16

transport that doesnt require active energy input to function
follows an electrochemical gradient

Question 17

what are channel protein

Answer 17

water filled pores that extend across the plasma membrane

open and close to allow passage of solutes

Question 18

what is an aquaporin

Answer 18

open channel protein specialized in transport of water across plasma membrane
allows for rapid passage of water in and out of cell

Question 19

what are carrier proteins

Answer 19

a type of cotransport

2 solutes moved down their electrochemical gradients

Question 20

what is symprt

Answer 20

when 2 solutes are moved in the same direction

Question 21

what is antiport

Answer 21

when 2 solutes are moved in opposite direction

Question 22

what is primary active transport

Answer 22

ATP is directly spent to pass another compound across the plasma membrane

Question 23

what is secondary active transport

Answer 23

a type of cotransport
one solute is carried down its electrochemical gradient while a different solute is carried against its eectrochemical gradient

Question 24

what are 2 systems of transport for large molecules

Answer 24

vesicles

plasmodesmata

Question 25

what are vesicles

Answer 25

an invagination of the plasma membrane to construct a circular transport structure

Question 26

what are the main roles of the vesicles

Answer 26

phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 27

what is phagocytosis

Answer 27

eats up and contains macromolecules

Question 28

what is pinocytosis

Answer 28

drinks up liquid

Question 29

what are receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 29

vesicles containing receptors that respond to specific signals by forming a vesicles around the received molecules

Question 30

what is plasmodesmata

Answer 30

narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the protoplasts of neighboring cells

Question 31

what are the 3 main systems of transport of water between cells

Answer 31

symplastic apoplastic transcellular

Question 32

what is symplastic transport

Answer 32

through the cytoplasm crosses through plasmodesmata passive

Question 33

what is apoplastic transport

Answer 33

through the cell wall matrix cannot pass the casparian strip passive

Question 34

what is trancellular transport

Answer 34

through the vacuole crosses with membrane transporters active