Cellular Movement Flashcards
what is bulk flow
water molecules moving together as a group as a result of potential energy
what is water potential
potential energy of water
what is hydrostatic pressure
pressure required to stop bulk flow of water
what is a solute
substance dissolved into a solution
what is a solvent
main component of solution
what is diffusion
movement of solute molecules in a solvent in order to result in the equal distribution of solute molecules in the solvent
what is a concentration gradient
difference on solute concentration over a distance
what is osmosis
movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential
what is osmotic pressure
pressure required to stop water movement resulting from osmosis
what keeps plant cells turgid
osmotic pressure
what is plasmolysis
when water is drawn out of a cell in a solution with high concentration of solutes
why can some molecules not cross membranes
too large
too polar
what are integral membrane proteins
proteins that let selected compounds trough the membrane
what are 2 types of transport through integral membrane proteins
facilitated transport
active transport
what are 2 types of facilitated transport
channel
carrier
what are passive transport
transport that doesnt require active energy input to function
follows an electrochemical gradient
what are channel protein
water filled pores that extend across the plasma membrane
open and close to allow passage of solutes
what is an aquaporin
open channel protein specialized in transport of water across plasma membrane
allows for rapid passage of water in and out of cell
what are carrier proteins
a type of cotransport
2 solutes moved down their electrochemical gradients
what is symprt
when 2 solutes are moved in the same direction
what is antiport
when 2 solutes are moved in opposite direction
what is primary active transport
ATP is directly spent to pass another compound across the plasma membrane
what is secondary active transport
a type of cotransport
one solute is carried down its electrochemical gradient while a different solute is carried against its eectrochemical gradient
what are 2 systems of transport for large molecules
vesicles
plasmodesmata
what are vesicles
an invagination of the plasma membrane to construct a circular transport structure
what are the main roles of the vesicles
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
what is phagocytosis
eats up and contains macromolecules
what is pinocytosis
drinks up liquid
what are receptor-mediated endocytosis
vesicles containing receptors that respond to specific signals by forming a vesicles around the received molecules
what is plasmodesmata
narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the protoplasts of neighboring cells
what are the 3 main systems of transport of water between cells
symplastic
apoplastic
transcellular
what is symplastic transport
through the cytoplasm
crosses through plasmodesmata
passive
what is apoplastic transport
through the cell wall matrix
cannot pass the casparian strip
passive
what is trancellular transport
through the vacuole
crosses with membrane transporters
active
