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Organism 1 Finals > Cellular Movement > Flashcards

Cellular Movement Flashcards

1
Q

what is bulk flow

A

water molecules moving together as a group as a result of potential energy

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2
Q

what is water potential

A

potential energy of water

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3
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure required to stop bulk flow of water

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4
Q

what is a solute

A

substance dissolved into a solution

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5
Q

what is a solvent

A

main component of solution

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6
Q

what is diffusion

A

movement of solute molecules in a solvent in order to result in the equal distribution of solute molecules in the solvent

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7
Q

what is a concentration gradient

A

difference on solute concentration over a distance

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8
Q

what is osmosis

A

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential

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9
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

pressure required to stop water movement resulting from osmosis

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10
Q

what keeps plant cells turgid

A

osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what is plasmolysis

A

when water is drawn out of a cell in a solution with high concentration of solutes

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12
Q

why can some molecules not cross membranes

A

too large

too polar

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13
Q

what are integral membrane proteins

A

proteins that let selected compounds trough the membrane

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14
Q

what are 2 types of transport through integral membrane proteins

A

facilitated transport

active transport

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15
Q

what are 2 types of facilitated transport

A

channel

carrier

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16
Q

what are passive transport

A

transport that doesnt require active energy input to function
follows an electrochemical gradient

17
Q

what are channel protein

A

water filled pores that extend across the plasma membrane

open and close to allow passage of solutes

18
Q

what is an aquaporin

A

open channel protein specialized in transport of water across plasma membrane
allows for rapid passage of water in and out of cell

19
Q

what are carrier proteins

A

a type of cotransport

2 solutes moved down their electrochemical gradients

20
Q

what is symprt

A

when 2 solutes are moved in the same direction

21
Q

what is antiport

A

when 2 solutes are moved in opposite direction

22
Q

what is primary active transport

A

ATP is directly spent to pass another compound across the plasma membrane

23
Q

what is secondary active transport

A

a type of cotransport
one solute is carried down its electrochemical gradient while a different solute is carried against its eectrochemical gradient

24
Q

what are 2 systems of transport for large molecules

A

vesicles

plasmodesmata

25
Q

what are vesicles

A

an invagination of the plasma membrane to construct a circular transport structure

26
Q

what are the main roles of the vesicles

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

27
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

eats up and contains macromolecules

28
Q

what is pinocytosis

A

drinks up liquid

29
Q

what are receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

vesicles containing receptors that respond to specific signals by forming a vesicles around the received molecules

30
Q

what is plasmodesmata

A

narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect the protoplasts of neighboring cells

31
Q

what are the 3 main systems of transport of water between cells

A

symplastic
apoplastic
transcellular

32
Q

what is symplastic transport

A

through the cytoplasm
crosses through plasmodesmata
passive

33
Q

what is apoplastic transport

A

through the cell wall matrix
cannot pass the casparian strip
passive

34
Q

what is trancellular transport

A

through the vacuole
crosses with membrane transporters
active

Organism 1 Finals (21 decks)

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