Algae Flashcards
what is algae
the polyphyletic grouping of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms
what is polyphyletic
organisms that dont share an immediate common ancestor
how are algae groups divided
class of organism of the endosymbiont type of endosymbiosis
what is an endosymbiont
organism that is engulfed and is the symbiont to a larger organism
what are the 3 main endosymbiont in algae
- cyanobacteria
- green algae
- red algae
what does the green algae group include
- modern day green algae
- plants
- red algae
- glaucophytes
what is the taxon for green algae in plants
viridiplantae
what is the taxon for primary endosymbiont algae
archaeplastida
what does archaeplastida include
- terrestrial plants
- modern day green algae
- red algae
- glaucophytes
what is the closest relative to terrestrial plants
green algae
what are characteristics of green algae
- single cell
- colonial grouping of single cells
- large seaweeds
how many species of green algae exist
8000+
what do chloroplasts contain in green algae
chlorophyll a and b
what are characteristics of red algae
most are multicellular
mainly marine
how many species of red algae exist
7000+
what is the pigment in chloroplasts of red algae
phycobiliprotein
how many species of glaucophytes
around 15
characteristics of glaucophytes
freshwater species
they retain peptidoglycan layer of cyanobacteria
what are the pigments found in glaucophytes
chlorophyll a
phycobiliprotein
what is special about blue algae
its actually cyanobecteria
what is a lifecycle
the steps involved in the life and reproduction of species
what is the lifecycle in animals
gametes fuse into the zygote
diploid organism does cellular division and grows
what are the animal gametes
egg and sperm
haploid cells
what is the alteration of generation
haploid and diploid grow into multicellular organism and release haploid forms
what is the sporophyte generation
diploid multicellular organism that produces haploid cells (spores) through meiosis
what is the gametophyte generation
haploid multicellular organism that produces haploid cells (gametes) through mitosis
what is the lifecycle of the sporophyte generation
- haploid gamete cells fuze into a diploid cell
- diploid cell becomes organism
- diploid organism produces haploid spore cells through meiosis
what is the lifecycle of the gametophyte generation
- haploid spore cells grow into organism
- organisms can be male or female
- organisms produce gametes through mitosis
how do most green algae reproduce
alteration of generation
how do glaucophytes reproduce
asexually
what do lage need to reproduce
water
what is the advantage to asexual repro
fast
no genetic varation
best when conditions are stressful
what is the advantage to sexual repro
slower
genetic variation
healthier population
what are 2 algal symbioses
lichens
sea sponges
what are lichens
a complex of a fungal species with green algae
sometimes cyanobacterium
how many species are there of lichens
around 20 000
what is a mycobiont
the fungal partner
what is the photobiont
the photosynthesizer
what is the role of the photobiont
they provide carbohydrates to the mycobiont through photosynthesis
what is the role of the mycobiont
it provides protection from desiccation
how do lichens grow
mycobiont controls rate of division for photobiont
how do lichens reproduce
asexually
what are sea sponges
a freshwater species of a basal group of animals
what is the symbiont in sea sponges
mostly cynaobacteria
sometimes green algae
what is the role of green algae in sea sponges
provide carbohydrates to the sponges
