Plant DNA

Question 1

what is a genome

Answer 1

all genetic material of an organism

Question 2

what is diplod

Answer 2

genome that consists of 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 3

what is the result of whole genome duplication

Answer 3

angiosperms

Question 4

what is whole genomic duplication

Answer 4

a genetic event which creates an organism with additional copies of the entire genome of that species

Question 5

what is a polyploidy

Answer 5

an organism with more whole-genome copies than the standard diploid

Question 6

what is a paleopolyploid

Answer 6

a genome duplication event which occurred millions of years before present

Question 7

when does plant polyploidy occur

Answer 7

• when gametes didnt undergo meiosis properly
• when haploid gamete unites with diploid gametes
• when diploid gamete unites with another diploid gamete

Question 8

what is the effect of plant polypolidy on species

Answer 8

most of the time more genes= more gene product= bigger plant

can be opposite

Question 9

what happens to a plant polyploidy over time

Answer 9

genome of a plant species can lose duplicated genes since it only needs one copy of each functional gene

Question 10

what happens to a plant polyploidy over millions of years

Answer 10

they can revert to a diploid state

Question 11

traits of plant genomes

Answer 11

• more genetic redundancy
• larger than animal genomes
• genes more mobile in genome
• horizontal gene transfer

Question 12

what created most primitive angiosperm

Answer 12

horizontal gene transfer

Question 13

what are the main systems of genetic transformation in plants

Answer 13

agrobacterium tumefaciens

CRISPR?Cas9

Question 14

what is agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 14

the first system for man made genetic transformation
a parasitic species of bacteria that causes gall disease in plants
it nserts part of its own dna into the host

Question 15

what happens when plant cells are cultured with the transformed bacteria

Answer 15

• bacteria would transfer their plasmid to the plant host

- gene of interest would be inserted with the plasmid into the hosts dna

Question 16

what are the limitations of agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 16

no control over where the bacteria inserts the dna into the genome of the host
dna might insert where genome doesnt code
dna might not insert at all

Question 17

how do you test to see whether the dna has inserted into the correct position

Answer 17

test each and every plant

Question 18

what is a method to test dna insertion

Answer 18

fluorescent protein is attached to most inserted genes

tissue will be fluorescent if the gene is being expressed

Question 19

what are the most common traits engineered using agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 19

increased herbicide tolerance

pesticide expression

Question 20

what is CRISPR

Answer 20

using dna sequences taken from past viral pathogens in order to recognise new viral pathogens

Question 21

what is the advantage of CRISPR/Cas9

Answer 21

allows to specifically choose which genes silence and which genes to insert in the organism

Question 22

what is domestication syndorme

Answer 22

when same traits are selected for during the domestication of a species