Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

infectious > vaccines > Flashcards

vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

vaccine for HEP B

A

IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

angle for iM

A

90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

angle for s.c

A

45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

angle for intradermal

A

around 20-25 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

whcih vaccine is intradermal

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amount of TB vaccine

A

0.1 ! know this because its unique as most vaccines have the same amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

polysaccahride vaccine

A

contain from the polysacchardie capsule which often helps the pathogen evade the immune response

  • becayse they are very small they areoften not immunogneic so not effective for young kids (under 18-24 months)
    and Induce only short-term immunity (slow immune response, slowrise of antibody levels, no immune memory).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

recombinat vaccine

A

like HEP B and influenza, HPV

produced by a yeast cell which makes copies of the antigen. done with genetic engineering technology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Combinedvaccines-

A

theyareproducedfromantigensofseveralmicroorganismsandcreateimmunityagainstseveralinfectiousdiseasesimultaneousy 


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

adavantges of combines

A
  1. you dont keep poking and prodding the child especially if fear of needles
  2. Reducing the cost of stocking and administering separate vaccines,
    ■ Reducing the cost of extra health care visits,

no evidence exists that the administration of several antigens incombined vaccines overwhelms the immune system, which has thecapability of responding to many millions of antigens at a time.Combining antigens usually does not increase the risk of adversereactions. In fact, it can lead to an overall reduction in adversereactions. 


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

definition of immunisation

A

theprocesswherebyapersonismadeimmuneorresistanttoaninfectiousdisease,typicallybytheadministrationofvaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

re- immunisation defintion

A

administeringaftersometimeofanotherdoseofthevaccine,sothatadequatelevelofimmunityissustained 


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

classifcation of immunisations

A

mandatory and recommendatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

immunisation calender in bg

A

heImmunisationcalendarinBulgariaincludesvaccinesagainst11infectiousdisease,whicharemandatoryandsomerecomendaryvaccines(influenza,rotavirus,HPV) 



ThecalendarinBulgariawasintroducedin1950andisapprovedbytheMinistryofHealth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when should tb vaccine be given

A

WHO recommends the first dose of the vaccine to beadministered after the first contact of the baby with thehealth professionals (24-48 hours after delivery) 


How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which vaccines are given orally

A

OPV - oral polio vaccine , chloera , rotavirus

17
Q

inactivated vaccine

A

theyarepreparedfromhighlyvirulentstrainsofmicroorganismsorviruses,whichareinactivatedwithheat,UVorradiation 


18
Q

compare inactivated with live

A

inactivated is not as effective often needs multiple administrations

inactivated may not always induce an immune response and the response may be short lived

BUT THEY ARE CONSIDERED MORE STABLE THAN LIVE VACCINES

19
Q

examples of killed vaccines

A

HEP B, POLIO, RABIES

20
Q

TOXOID VACCINE

A

like corynebacterium and tetanus, you treat the toxin and make it harmless and this will illicit a whole immune response

21
Q

which countries is polio still endemic

A

pakistan and afghanistan

22
Q

who created the first vaccine for polio

A

Salk Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953, and a year later on 1.6 million children in Canada, Finland and the USA.

Salks IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)

23
Q

who invented the oPV

A

SABIN

24
Q

IPV BS OPV

A

IPV - whilst it protected the vaccinated child it did not stop it from being passed to other children whereas OPV interrupted the chain of transmission

opv gave highter antibody titres of protection in compariosn

25
Q

classification of immunity

A

innate + acquired

acquired divide into active and passive

active : natural + artifical
passive : natural + artifical

26
Q

vaccines are an example of what type of immunity

A

active and artificial immunity

27
Q

components of vaccines

A

1) antigen
2) stabiliser.
3) preservaitces
4) adjuvants
5) AB’S

28
Q

preservatives

A

preservatives are added tomultidosevaccines toprevent bacterial and fungal growth. They include a variety ofsubstances, for exampleThiomersal, Formaldehyde, or Phenolderivatives. 


29
Q

adjuvants

A

added to vaccines to stimulate theproduction of antibodies against the vaccine to makeit more effective. Newly developed purified subunitor synthetic vaccines using biosynthetic,recombinant, and other modern technology are poorvaccine antigens and require adjuvants to provokethe desired immune response. 


Aluminium salts are among the oldest adjuvants that are commonly used.They slow the escape of the antigen from the site of injection therebylengthening the duration of contact between the antigen and the immunesystem (i.e.macrophages and other antigen-receptive cells).

Aluminium salts are generally recognized as safe, however, they can causesterile abscesses and nodules at the site of injection. The formation of asmall granuloma is inevitable with alum-precipitated vaccines. 

To ensure safe vaccination it is important thataluminiumsalts areadministered intramuscularly and not subcutaneously. Subcutaneousadministration can result in necrotic breakdown and cyst and abscessformation. To ensure the proper handling of intramuscular injections, it iscritical to ensure that vaccination staff has been well trained. 


30
Q

stablisisers

A

used to help the vaccine maintain itseffectiveness during storage.Factors affecting stabilityare temperature and acidity or alkalinity of the vaccine(pH). Stabilizing agents include MgCl2 (for OPV), MgSO4(for measles), lactose-sorbitol and sorbitol-gelatine.

31
Q

antibiotics

A

used during the manufacturing phase to preventbacterial contamination of the tissue culture cells in which theviruses are grown.Usuallyonly trace amounts appear in vaccines,for example, MMR vaccine and IPV each contain less than 25micrograms of neomycin per dose (less than 0.000025 g). Personswho are known to be allergic to neomycin should be closelyobserved after vaccination so that any allergic reaction can treatedat once. 


32
Q

misconceptions

A

The overloaded immune system 

The disappeared disease 

More vaccinated than unvaccinated people get sick 

The “Hygiene and Better Nutrition Are Responsiblefor the Reduction in Disease Rates, Not Vaccination” 

The “Natural Immunity Is Better Than Vaccine-acquired Immunity” 


33
Q

LIVE VACCINE. FEATURES

A

vaccine prepared from live microorganisms orviruses cultured under adverse conditions, leading to loss of theirvirulence but retention of their ability to induce protectiveimmunity. 


  • mimic natural infection
  • mostly 1 dose
  • create permanet immunity
    :( arehardtomaintaininlaboratoryconditionsandhaveashortexpirydate 

34
Q

live vaccines examples

A

TB, MMR, yellow fever

35
Q

where should you not inject the hep b vaccine

A

in the buttock

infectious (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions