hepatitis

Question 1

how does A spread

Answer 1

fecal oral route
close physical contact button casual
water born outbreaks - though sewage continuation although infrequent
travelling to a high risk area
being a sexual partner of someone with HAV

Question 2

when do most HAV infections occur

Answer 2

in children in fact in places of endemics most children are immune by the age of 10

Question 3

Type of immunity

Answer 3

life long

Question 4

is there a PEP for HAVE

Answer 4

yes up to 14 days

Question 5

what type of vaccine is it- HAV and dosing

Answer 5

killed whole cel virus
2 doses at least 6 months apart

2 does even though 1 is technically enough and need to be 6 months apart

versions for paediatrics - from 12 months- 18 years
version for adults- from 19 years

HAVRIX + VAQTA

Question 6

HBV vaccine info

Answer 6

is 95% effective in preventing infection and the development of chronic disease and liver cancer due to hepatitis B.​

Question 7

what’s the problem with hBV

Answer 7

leads to cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
HBV carriers can transmit the disease for many years.​

Question 8

epidemiology of HBV

Answer 8

some countries in Eastern Europe
sub Saharan africa

In these areas about 70-90% of population becomes HBV infected before the age of 40, and up to 20% of people are HBV carriers. ​

Question 9

how long can HAV survive outside

Answer 9

months

Question 10

how long can HbV survive outside

Answer 10

up to 7 days

Question 11

ip hav

Answer 11

15-45 days (average a month)

Question 12

ip hbv

Answer 12

30- 180 days

Question 13

in high endemic areas what is the most common spread of HBV

Answer 13

perinatal transmission and horizontal transmission

Question 14

where is chronicity very important in HBV

Answer 14

in your children <5

Question 15

difference in chronicity between adults and children

Answer 15

> 90% children will become chronic carriers

<5% adults become chronic

Question 16

immunity of HBV

Answer 16

lifelong

Question 17

indicates that the blood and body fluids of the infected individual are highly infectious- applies to what

Answer 17

hbeAG

Question 18

vaccine of HBV

Answer 18

name: energix pediatric and adult formulations
3 DOSES

1. at birth asap, ,<24 h - MONOVALENT
2. same time as DPT (monovalent or combined)
3. same time as DPT (monovalent or combined)

OR
]a 4-dose schedule, where a monovalent birth dose is followed by three monovalent or combined vaccine doses, usually given with other routine infant vaccines.​

​

Question 19

protection for HBV

Answer 19

The complete vaccine series induces protective antibody levels in more than 95% of infants, children and young adults.​

probably life long thus WHO does not remmed boosters once youve had the trilogy

Question 20

most common way to catch HCV

Answer 20

most common modes of infection are through exposure to small quantities of blood. ​

Question 21

WHICH HEPAPITIS is treated with drugs

Answer 21

Antiviral medicines can cure more than 95% of persons with hepatitis C infection, thereby reducing the risk of death from liver cancer and cirrhosis,

Question 22

epi of hep c

Answer 22

Mediterranean and European Regions

Question 23

what’s a buzz word for hep b

Answer 23

bloodborne virus other routes such as sexually and vertically can be done but less common

Question 24

iP hep c

Answer 24

15-160 days

around 2 weeks to 6 months

Question 25

problem with HCV

Answer 25

Due to the fact that acute HCV infection is usually asymptomatic, few people are diagnosed during the acute phase !!!​

In those people who go on to develop chronic HCV infection, the infection is also often undiagnosed because the infection remains asymptomatic until decades after infection when symptoms develop secondary to serious liver damage (cirrhosis and Ca hepatis).​

Question 26

DIAGNOSIS OF HCV

Answer 26

HCV infection is diagnosed in 2 steps: ​

1. Screening for anti-HCV antibodies with a serological test identifies people who have been infected with the virus.​
2. If the test is positive for anti-HCV antibodies, a nucleic acid test for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) is needed to confirm chronic infection because about 30% of people infected with HCV spontaneously clear the infection by a strong immune response without the need for treatment. Although no longer infected, they will still test positive for anti-HCV antibodies.​

​

Question 27

PREVENTION OF HEP C

Answer 27

1. hand hygiene: including surgical hand preparation, hand washing and use of gloves;​
2. safe and appropriate use of health care injections;​
3. safe handling and disposal of sharps and waste;​
4. provision of comprehensive harm-reduction services to people who inject drugs including sterile injecting equipment;​
5. testing of donated blood for hepatitis B and C (as well as HIV and syphilis);​
6. training of health personnel; ​
7. promotion of correct and consistent use of condoms.​

​

Question 28

If someone has a + hep B surface antibody what could this mean

Answer 28

either they are recently vaccinated or they are infected so need to do further tests

Question 29

how do we use the core antibody to diagnose in hep b

Answer 29

by looking at IGM + IG G fractions