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infectious > hepatitis > Flashcards

hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

is there a vaccine for HAV

A

YES- KILLED

HAVRIX

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2
Q

what can kill HAV

A

coking and boiling can kill for 1 at least 1 min but freezing does not

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3
Q

incubation period for hep A

A

15-45 days average 28 days

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4
Q

how long does virus excretion occur after symptoms in hep a

A

up to 3 weeks and children may excrete longer than adults

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5
Q

rf for hep a

A

poor sanitation
caring for someone who is ill
travelling to an endemic area + not immunised
having a sexual partner who is infected

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6
Q

diagnosis

A

HAV IG M ANTIBOIDES BY EIA
can also do a stool culture but rarely done

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7
Q

is there a post exposure prophylaxis for HAV

A

immune globulin within 2 weeks for household members etc or day care centres or food prepared by infected food handler

Nb1 its more effective the earlier you take it, best is within 3 days up to 7 days for it to be effective

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8
Q

HAV vaccine

A

killed whole virus vaccine
2 doses given at least 6 months-

6-12 months after first dose

IM vaccine in the thigh for small kids but older kids is

there is a vaccine for kids after 12 months to 18 years

then another for adults

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9
Q

who should consider taking the vaccine

A

homosexuals
travelling to an endemic area
drug users

even after exposure to virus single dose of vaccine within 2 weeks has prtoective effects so the vaccine is hIGHLY EFFECTIVE

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10
Q

name of vaccine for HAV

A

HAVRIX
VAQTA

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11
Q

PAEDEETRIAC FORMULATIONS FOR HAV

A

more than 12 months -18 years

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12
Q

endemic areas of hep b

A

sub saharran africa
some countries in Eastern Europe

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13
Q

antigens of hep b

A

Hb sAg (surface ag)
core antigen
HBs (protective)

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14
Q

how long can hep b survive outside Body

A

up to 7 days - in room temp environment such as dried blood spots etc

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15
Q

epidemioloigcal measures for hep B

A

disinfect items and sterilise, and use disposable;e items

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16
Q

NAME OF HEP B VACCINE

A

EMNERGIX

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17
Q

CI HEB B VACCINE

A

people allergy to yeast
people with a history of anaphylaxis to previous vaccine because remember 3 doses

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18
Q

can you get energix when pregnant

A

yes

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19
Q

protective levels of iG G fot HAV

A

> 20

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20
Q

souce of infection (students get confused in exam) for HAV

A

HUMANS (anthtoponosis )

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21
Q

majority of infections with hAV are

A

aymptomaic

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22
Q

anecdote for HAV

A

roma community, bad sanittion levels, rubbish everywhere and flies were spreadign the virus around

informed the local authorities cleaned the rubbish, did disinfection, disinection didnt work so vaccinated all kids from 1-18 in octobe and 1 month later saw a delcine

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23
Q

when is a person with HAV most contagious

A

B4 THE ONSET OF JAUNIDICE after jaundice indectiousness decreases

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24
Q

what types of prophylaxis is there for A

A

PRE - vaccine
POST- immunoglobulin

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25
Q

HBV vrsu

A

only dna virus

has 8 different genotypes in different geographical distributions e.g in europe its D&A

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26
Q

why do we work so hard to prevent hep b transmission to newborns

A

because a lot of times the baby will be aymptomati but chronicity is a BIG ISSUE and we wont know till we see the long effects like cirrhosi /cancer

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27
Q

in high ednemic regions of HBV what facilities this

A

mothers passing to kids

28
Q

chroncity values for HBV

A

adults 5-10%
children - up to 90%

29
Q

whcih was the first anti cancer vacccine

A

1st is HBV
2ND hpv

30
Q

what are protective levels for HBV anti HBS antibodies

A

at least 10 units per ml

31
Q

what is Hb e

A

a marker of viral replication

32
Q

whats the different in contacts for hep a and hep b

A

hep A with contacts you only test them who have elevated lIVER ENZYMES, then we should look for the antibodies. otherwise its not routine as there are cases where people are contacts and have no jaundice, no elevated liver enzymes but have positve serology!

unlike hbv you always check contacts for the surface antibody. and if hbsAg is present it means YOU ARE INFECTIOUS

33
Q

WHO recomendatiosn for hAV

A

High : does not recommend as a lot people are asymptomatic (africa) as expesive

intermediate - who recommends in vaccination calendar. elderly popualtion will almost 100% have it

low- no essential need to implmelnt as there are only small outbreaks that pop up and they are quiclky containes

34
Q

which type of hep do we use antiviral drugs

A

C- and with this we can completely treat

35
Q

country with the most hep c and why

A

EGYPT because of schisotosmiasis, people got treated inhopsitals and the wipment were not sterilised etc

36
Q

how many genotypes of hep c

A

6 and more than 100 sub types which makes vaccine impossible

37
Q

risk groups for hEP C

A

people recieving transfusions (mainly in past)
dialysis
people with multiple sexual partners
iv drugs

38
Q

risk of mother to pass to kid HCV

A

up to 5%

39
Q

what’s the tricky thing about diagnosis of hcv

A

the antibody detection is delayed so even if someone is acutely infected they can still test negative

40
Q

what is the first marker for HCV diagnosi s

A

the RNA is first (not antibody) because after 2 -3 weeks then the serolgy will be pstive

41
Q

anecdote of hCV

A

nurses used the smae syringe to flush saline and a group of patients caught it

42
Q

source of infection for HCV

A

anthropontoci

43
Q

risk for HCV on percutanoeus injury

A

lower than hep b which was 7-30%

hcv is 7% up to

44
Q

which is more likely to be chronic

A

hep c

45
Q

perenctage of chroncicity of c and b

A

b - 5-10% adults
c- up to 60-70%

46
Q

generation of hep b vaccines

A
  1. plasma dervied vaccine (very cheap and still used in some poor countries today )
  2. recombinant(using yeast )
47
Q

regimen for vaccination of hep b vaccine

A

3 doses or another oprion for 4 dose regimen
1- today
2- 1 month later
3. 6 month later

or kids can recieve the hexavalent combo for DPT and polio, immediately after birth is first dose

48
Q

route for hbv injection

A

IM - deltoid

49
Q

which disease is mainly associated with sex

A

HBV

50
Q

which disease is mainly associated with PARENETERAL SPREAD

A

HCV

51
Q

what makes pregz women more likely to transmit to kids

A

if they have the HbE antiegen

52
Q

when having intercourse who is more likely to carry the infection

A

the risk is higher if a man has a partner(3-4 x more) as higher viral load in semen

53
Q

when having intercourse who is more likely to carry the infection

A

the risk is higher if a man has a partner(3-4 x more) as higher viral load in semen

54
Q

immunity for hbv

A

lifelong like a

55
Q

what constitutes a chronically infected person

A

> 6 months

56
Q

window period

A

all viruses would have a window period where even if the person is + the serology appears negative so that’s means potentially blood donors could transmit the disease e.g all donors are tested for surface antigen and depending on which methods of screening u use you can shorten the window period

57
Q

main route of spread for HEV

A

Fecal oral and WATER

58
Q

IN EXAM MAKE SURE YU LIST THE DIFFERNECES WITH A AND E DONT JUST COPY THE SAME ESSAY

A
59
Q

ANECDOTE for HEV

A

outbreak in kashmir , they initially thought it was A, but then realised that A has lifelong immunity and majority of these people had already been infected with A In past - a russian scientist tested the theory by infecting himself

60
Q

nb point about HEV

A

VERY HIGH FATALITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

61
Q

WHIC DISEASE IS CALLED 2 FACE AND WHY

A

HEV

face 1 - developing - water- anthroponotic - types 1 +2
face 2 - developed- animals -zooinotic types 3 and 4 raw and undercooked pork

developing- younger people affected 15-30

developed - older >50

62
Q

which heapattophic virus has been spotted being chronci rarely

A

hev in the case or organ transplants where people are taking immunosuppresants

63
Q

measures fo HEV

A

make sure to use enough heat for sausages, meatballs etc

chlorine can kill

64
Q

which virus has links to GBS studies shown

A

HEV

65
Q

DIAGNOSIS FOR HEV

A

2 step approach dependant on if you are immunocompetent or immunocomprimised

competent: test for IGm and if psotive then test for Rna + (means acute)

if compromised: test for IGm and if its negative should still test for Rna and if its negativev means there is no recent infection
and if rna is positve then confirm with pcr

infectious (31 decks)

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