non socomial infections

Answer 1

an infection that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to hospital, they are connected to the patients stay during hospital or after being discharged

48-72 h after admission or up to 30 days after discharged

Question 2

greatest infection

Answer 2

pneumonia ?

Question 3

WHO FACT SHEET

Answer 3

of 100 hospitalised patients at any given time seven in developed and 10 in developing countries will acquire at least one infection

Question 4

STATS

Answer 4

1. Affects up to 5-10% (rich) and 10-30% (poor) of people admitted to hospitals
2. Up to 30% can end up in ICU
3. 1/3 are considered unpreventable
4. Newborns at higher risk in poor countries X20 higher

Question 5

why is it a PH probkem

Answer 5

Micro-organisms getting increasing more resistant
Overcrowding
Increasing impaired immunity - people living longer, diabetes etc
Patients spend an extra 4-5 days in hospital - financial burden
Generate hight costs for patients + families
Sequele of disease such as permanent disability
Extra costs on ab’s , extra surgery, mb lab tests, running ICU 


Question 6

endogeneous

Answer 6

normal flora
decreased defence mechanism
Translocation, the usually non pathogenetic organisms into body cavities like petroleum , blood etc

Question 7

exogenous

Answer 7

Caused by outside sources like hospital staff, devices, equipment
Cross infection: another person in the hospital
Environmental infection: from an intimate object recently contaminated with human sources 


Question 8

From an epidemiolicall point of few NSI can be divided into

Answer 8

specific - for the health institution , e.g resulting from diagnostic or theatre-tic procedures due to lack of personal hygiene, wrong technique,

non specific: infections common among the normal population like respiratory diseases, rashes in kids etc e.g patient recieveing broadspectrum ab’s now has c. difficile

Question 9

pathogenic organisms

Answer 9

have greater virulence and does not depend on host status like clostridium causing gas gangrene

Question 10

classification by site

Answer 10

UTI
SURGICAL SITE
LRI
Blood stream

Question 11

rf’s

Answer 11

age
Sex : female Otis
Sue of antibiotics and h2 blockers
Comorbidities s
Surgery
Invasive devices, prolonged catheters, intubation ICU

Question 12

difeernece bwteen droplet and airpborne

Answer 12

droplet - >5

airborn <5