UTS DAY1 Flashcards
Who are the ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS
SOCRATES
PLATO
ARISTOTLE
THE MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHERS
ST. AUGUSTINE
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
MODERN PHILOSOPHERS
DESCARTES
JOHN LOCKE
IMMANUEL KANT
THE CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHERS
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
GILBERT RYLE
PAUL CHURCHLAND
According to him self is composed of PHYSICAL, TANGIBLE, & MORAL ASPECTS (Body)
SOCRATES
According to him SOUL IS IMMORTAL & UNCHANGING
SOCRATES
According to Socrates what is our true self?
SOUL
According to SOCRATES, both parts of our self are present in the _________
PHYSICAL REALM
According to SOCRATES, when we die our soul travels to the ________
IDEAL REALM
he is known for his dictum “IGNORANCE IS THE BEGINNING OF WISDOM” and his advice, “KNOW THYSELF”
SOCRATES
He is famous for this quote: THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING
SOCRATES
He preferred death to exile (cup of poison)
SOCRATES
According to him SELF IS AN IMMORTAL SOUL IN A MORTAL PERISHABLE BODY
PLATO
According to Plato SOUL is ________ in nature
TRIPARTITE
What are the 3 different parts of soul according to Plato?
- Immortal, Rational Soul
- Courage (spirited part)
- Appetitive part
Plato’s Different Parts of Soul
it seeks truth and uses logical reasoning (located in the head)
Immortal, Rational Soul
Plato’s Different Parts of Soul
causes people to experience strong emotions (located in the chest)
Courageous (Spirited part)
Plato’s Different Parts of Soul
located in the abdomen
deals with bodily desires
cannot resists appetites
Appetitive part
According to him, SOUL is the GIVER OF LIFE TO THE BODY. This makes the SELF “A SOUL USING THE BODY”
PLATO
According to him the body is just a shell of the soul
PLATO
According to Plato, our life’s journey is a continuous striving to ______ our soul from its imprisonment in the body
FREE
According to him, the human person is NOT a soul Distinct from a human body (ang katawan at kaluluwa ay magkaugnay at hindi maaaring paghiwalayin.)
ARISTOTLE
According to him the human person is COMPOSITE OF BODY AND SOUL
ARISTOTLE
According to ARISTOTLE, SELF is composed of
- BODY AND SOUL
- PASSION AND REASON
- MIND AND MATTER
- SENSE AND INTELLECT
Aristotle taught the theory of the _______ which means MODERATION; avoid extremes; avoid too much and too little
GOLDEN MEAN
According to him “Living a life of MODERATION is doing things in CONSONANCE with REASON”
ARISTOTLE
According to Aristotle, when the senses, the lower nature of a human person, dominate a human person’s life, he/she tends to live a _________ life
CHAOTIC
Medieval Philosopher
according to him self is made up of body and soul, “a soul in possession of a body” which does not constitute two persons but ONE MAN
ST. AUGUSTINE
Medieval Philosopher
His concept of self is in the context of his relation to God.
St. Augustine
Medieval Philosopher
according to him HAPPINESS IS FOUND IN GOD ALONE
ST. AUGUSTINE
Medieval Philosopher
According to him a human person can know the truth with certainty by the use of his REASON
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
According to ST. THOMAS AQUINAS, some truths can be perceived only with the aid of the light of ____________
DIVINE REVELATION
Medieval Philosopher
He believes that human soul is restless and imperfect until it rests in GOD
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
his philosophy about self revolves around the BODY-MIND DUALISM
RENE DESCARTES
According to RENE DESCARTES, the self is composed of TWO PARTS: _________ AND ________
IMMATERIAL MIND
MATERIAL BODY
According to him, the mind is the SEAT OF CONSCIOUSNESS and the body (includes senses) is UNRELIABLE; hence, should NOT BE TRUSTED
DESCARTES
He is known for his “I THINK THEREFORE I AM” (COGITO ERGO SUM)
DESCARTES
According to him HUMAN MIND is a TABULA RASA (BLANK SLATE)
LOCKE
He believes that “GOD CREATED MAN AND WE ARE, IN EFFECT, GOD’S PROPERTY”
JOHN LOCKE
He believes that a human person has an INNER and an OUTER SELF
KANT
IMMANUEL KANT PHILOSOPHY
the self that consists of psychological states and rational intellect (mind) is the _____
inner self
IMMANUEL KANT PHILOSOPHY
it is the human person’s senses and physical world (body)
outer self
He is known for his maxim, “ACT ONLY ACCORDING TO THAT MAXIM BY WHICH YOU CAN AT THE SAME TIME WILL THAT IT SHOULD BECOME A NATURAL LAW”
IMMANUEL KANT
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
According to him the self is an INEXTRICABLE UNION BETWEEN MIND AND BODY
PONTY
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
“THERE IS NO EXPERIENCE THAT IS NOT EMBODIED EXPERIENCE”
PONTY
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
According to him
“The MIND and the BODY are so INTERTWINED that we CANNOT even distinguish where the works of the mind ends and where the work of the body begins”
PONTY
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
According to him THE WORKINGS OF THE MIND ARE NOT DISTINCT FROM THE ACTIONS OF THE BODY BUT ARE ONE & THE SAME
GILBERT RYLE
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
Another teaching of ______ is the distinction among KNOWING HOW and KNOWING THAT
RYLE
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
He adheres to materialism or belief that nothing except matter exists
PAUL CHURCHLAND
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
He believes that if a thing cannot be recognized by the senses, then IT’S NOT REAL. Since the MIND cannot be experienced by the senses, then the mind doesn’t really exist
CHURCHLAND
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
It is the ________ and not the mind that gives us our SENSE OF SELF
-CHURCHLAND
PHYSICAL BRAIN
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHER
DECISION MAKING and MORAL BAHAVIOR are ___________ phenomena
BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
the process of internalizing the norms of society which influence one’s beliefs, actions, and behavior
socialization
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to him:
*self is NOT there at birth
*NOT based on inherited traits
*Self is developed from social experience and activities
George Herbert Mead
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to GEORGE HERBERT MEAD, the influence is RESTRICTED only to a __________ & at certain periods
significant others
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to MEAD what are the types of personality?
I and Me
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to MEAD, ______ is the natural, existential aspect of the self which represents our INDIVIDUAL’S IDENTITY
I
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to MEAD, _______ refers to the SOCIALIZED me or the CULTURED SELF; conventional individuals
ME
Sociological Perspective of Self
who is the person behind the LOOKING-GLASS SELF THEORY?
CHARLES COOLEY
Sociological Perspective of Self
Theory that suggests that we learn to view ourselves as we think OTHERS VIEW us. Has a major impact on one’s SELF IMAGE.
LOOKING-GLASS SELF THEORY
Sociological Perspective of Self
3 STEPS OF LOOKING-GLASS SELF THEORY
- HOW we appear to others
- HOW others JUDGE our appearance
- develop FEELINGS about & RESPONSES to these judgements
Sociological Perspective of Self
According to him we are not influenced by other people’s opinion per se. We are influenced by our OWN IMAGINATION or PERCEPTIONS on how OTHERS SEE US
CHARLES COOLEY
employs a HOLISTIC APPROACH to the study of the self
ANTHROPOLOGY
according to her, self is a “TOTALITY of what an organism is PHYSICALLY, BIOLOGICALLY, PSYCHOLOGICALLY, SOCIALLY, & CULTURALLY
NAOMI QUINN
_______ seeks to discover the INTERRELATIONSHIPS between various SCIENTIFIC MODELS of human beings. They are concerned with HUMAN UNIVERSALS as well as HUMAN VARIETY
ANTHROPOLOGY
Two Common Pitfalls that must be avoided in our study of the self
*stacking independent models one after another WITHOUT interrelating them; NO INTEGRATION of the different selves
STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH
Two Common Pitfalls that must be avoided in our study of the self
*attempts to interpret all observations by REDUCING them to a SINGLE LEVEL analysis
REDUCTIONISM
Understanding the self from the ANTHROPOLOGICAL point of view necessarily includes a study of _______
CULTURE
2 CONTRASTING MODELS OF SELF
Focuses on individual self
egocentric self
2 CONTRASTING MODELS OF SELF
focuses on one’s social group; socially-oriented
sociocentric view of self
The self from _______ perspective says that the SENSE OF SELF is defined as the way a person thinks about and views his or her traits, beliefs, and purpose within the world
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Under Psychological Perspective of the self:
Self is MULTILEVEL system that emerges from MULTIFACETED interactions of mechanisms operating at ________, ________, & ________ levels
NEURAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SELF
according to him, self is the TOTALITY OF ALL that a person can call his or hers.
WILLIAM JAMES
TWO DIVISION OF SELF BY WILLIAM JAMES
I and ME
DIVISION OF SELF
*self as subject (the person observing)
*the thinker that does the thinking
*PURE EGO
I
DIVISION OF SELF
*self as OBJECT (the person being observed)
*criticism and judgement
ME
DIVISION OF SELF: under ME self
*its core is the BODY
*Associated with the body are clothes, family, home, & material possession
MATERIAL SELF
DIVISION OF SELF: under ME self
*is who a person is in a social situation
*may be CONTRADICTORY, depending on how others view you
SOCIAL SELF
DIVISION OF SELF: under ME self
*person’s subjective and most INTIMATE SELF
*Includes personality, core values, conscience
SPIRITUAL SELF
according to this thought
self is
*one integrated whole
*one with society
*collectivism is strong
ORIENTAL THOUGHT/EASTERN
according to this thought
self is
*Individualistic in nature
*individualism is strong
WESTERN THOUGHT
