SCIENCE DAY1 Flashcards
Study of life
BIOLOGY
Hierarchy of life
ATOM
MOLECULE
ORGANELLE
CELL
TISSUES
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANISM
Basic unit of MATTER
ATOM
Basic unit of LIFE
CELL
Study of cell
Cytology
Two types of cell
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Cell that do not contain a nucleus
Prokaryotic cell
Organism that has prokaryotic cell
Bacteria and archaebacteria
Cell that contains nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
Organisms with eukaryotic cells
Protist
Fungi
Animal
Plant
What do you call the hair-like structure of cell
Cilia
What do you call the tail of the cell
Flagella/flagellum
He discovered cell from a cork made from bark of an oak tree
Robert Hooke
He coined the term cell (cellulae) meaning small room
Robert Hooke
He discovered the cell’s nucleus
Robert Brown
Not living, inert chemicals, has capsid, no cell
Virus
Protein shell that protects the virus’ DNA or RNA
CAPSID
Study of classification and naming of organisms
Taxonomy
8 levels of taxonomic classifications
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Father of MODERN TAXONOMY
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
He proposed the BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (SCIENTIFIC NAMES)
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
He coined HOMO SAPIENS for human
Carolus LINNAEUS
Under DOMAIN ARCHAEA
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
What kingdom: they live in various places, some even in the most severe environments (they are not a bacteria)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Methanogens, Halophiles, and Thermophiles are examples of
Archaebacteria
An archaebacteria that can survive in DEAD SEA
HALOPHILES
An archaebacteria that can survive in Hot Environment
Thermophiles
Under DOMAIN BACTERIA
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA (MONERA)
What kingdom: Referred to as the true bacteria and are usually called the bacteria group
Kingdom Eubacteria
Streptococcus is example of
Kingdom Eubacteria
What do you call a comma-shaped bacteria
Vibrio
Under DOMAIN EUKARYA
- KINGDOM PROTISTA
- KINGDOM FUNGI
- KINGDOM ANIMALIA
- KINGDOM PLANTAE
What kingdom: diatoms, algae, entamoeba histolytica (amoebiasis) plasmodium (malaria)
Kingdom Protista
What kingdom: molds, mushroom, yeast, microsporidia
KINGDOM FUNGI
What KINGDOM: invertebrates and vertebrates
Kingdom Animalia
What do you call the organism that cannot create their own food
Heterothropic
What do you call the organisms that can create their own food
Autotrophic
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
have stinging cells (nematocyst)
Cnidaria
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Jellyfish, coral are examples of
Cnidaria
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Jointed legs, segmented bodies
Arthropoda
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Organisms under arthropoda
Insects
Crustaceans
Arachnid
Centipede
Milipede
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Examples of CRUSTACEANS
CRAB, SHRIMPS, LOBSTERS
What do you call the process when insects shed off their old cuticle to grow in size
Molting/Ecdysis
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Roundworms, unsegemented
Nematoda
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Pinworm, ascaris, hookworm, filarial worm are examples of
Nematoda
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Flatworms: worms have soft tissues; unsegmented
Platyhelminthes
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Flukes, tapeworms, planaria are examples of
Platyhelminthes
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Segmented worms
Annelida
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Leech and earthworms are examples of
Annelida
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Earthworms are ___________, both male and female organs are found in the same worm
HERMAPHRODITIC
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
________ promotes ANTICOAGULATION ( OKAY ANG BLOOD FLOW)
LEECHES
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
With soft bodies (usually with shells)
Mollusca
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Squids, clams, snails, and octopi are examples of
Mollusca
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Has spiny body
Echinodermata
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Sea star, sea urchin, sand dollars, sea cucumber, brittle star
Echinodermata
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Only phylum which has vertebrates
Chordata
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
scales, gills, and fins
Fish
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Frog, salamander (part of their life cycle in water)
Live both in land and water
Amphibians
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Eggs, scaly bodies
Reptiles
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
2 scaly legs, wings, feathers
Birds
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Mammary glands, hairs, milk
Mammals
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Shark, lampreys are
Fish
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Frog, salamander are
Amphibian
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Crocodile, snake, turtle are
Reptiles
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Penguins, ostrich are
Birds
Under KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Classes of CHORDATA
Human, platypus, marsupial are
Mammals
A marine mammal that have long ivory tusks and lives in arctic environment
Walrus
UNDER DOMAIN EUKARIA
Two big groups: those which do not have tissues to transport water and food and those that have this transport system
Kingdom Plantae
In kingdom plantae what do you call the group which do not have tissues to transport water and food
Non-vascular
In kingdom plantae what do you call the group which have tissues to transport water and food
Vascular
Study of plants
Botany
Vascular plants can be
Seedless vascular and seed vascular
Vascular plants have ______ and ______
Xylem and phloem
Conducts most of the water and minerals
Xylem
Distributes sugars and other organic products
Phloem
Fern is an example of
Seedless vascular plants
Type of seed vascular plants
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
What do you call the flowering plants. They bears fruits to protect the seed. They are also the most abundant and widely distributed plants
Angiosperms
They are cone bearing plants. They have naked seeds (not enclosed by fruit)
Example is conifers
Gymnosperms
Reproductive organ of a flowering plant
Flower
Transfer of pollen grains from the ANTHER to the STIGMA of the flower
Pollination
Type of pollination: from one plant to the other plant
Cross pollination
Type of pollination: pollination from same flower or plant
Self-pollination
Parts of flowers:
Collectively called the calyx, protect the flower bud before it opens
Sepal
Parts of flowers: collectively called the corolla. Attract a particular pollination
Petals
Parts of flowers: male part of a flower
Stamen
Parts of flowers: female part of the flower
Pistil/Carpel
What are the male part of a flower (Stamen)
Anther
Filament
Pollen grains
Becomes the fruit
Ovary
Becomes the seed
Ovule
What are the female parts of a flower (Pistil/Carpel)
Stigma
Ovary
Style
Ovule
*Non-sexual reproduction in plants
*Vegetative reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Horizontal stems, new roots and shoots develop at the node. Also known as stolon
Runners
Asexual reproduction
Strawberry, bermuda grass, bamboo grass are examples of
Runners
Asexual reproduction
Underground stems that store food for the plant, the “eyes” are the stem’s nodes, and each eye contains a cluster of buds
Tubers
Asexual reproduction
Potato is example of
Tubers
Asexual reproduction
They grow as horizontal underground stem from plant to plant
Rhizomes
Asexual reproduction
Ginger is example of
Rhizomes
Asexual reproduction
They are shortened, compressed underground stems
Bulbs
Asexual reproduction
Onion and garlic are examples of
Bulbs
Asexual reproduction
They are underground stems. Example: Taro (Colocasia)
Corms
Asexual reproduction
Carrots, sweet potatoes (camote) and cassava
Underground roots
Asexual reproduction
The parent organism produces offspring by growing a replica in the form of an outgrowth called bud. Example: Hydra, yeast, sponges
Budding
Asexual reproduction
Separated pieces of the parent organism can develop into an individual. Example: sea star, flatforms
Fragmentation
Asexual reproduction in bacteria (split)
Binary fission
