SCIENCE DAY2 Flashcards
type of digestion: Chewing of food in the mouth
physical digestion
type of digestion: breakdown of large food molecules by enzymes
chemical digestion
pharynx is the
throat
passes food from your throat to your stomach (food tube)
esophagus
where chemical digestion starts
stomach
mixed food and gastric juices
chyme
final place of digestion
has villi (finger like structure)
small intestine
water absorption, production of vitamin K, it ends in rectum
large intestine
passageway of defecation
anus
accessory organs of digestive system
- salivary gland
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
largest internal organ in the body
liver
liver creates _______
bile
bile digest ______
fats
stores bile
gall bladder
secrete enzymes for digestion of food
pancreas
system that transport blood to other parts of the body
circulatory system
pumps blood
heart
brings blood back to the heart
vein
contains of blood cells (RBC, WBC, PLATELETS) and plasma
blood
brings blood away from the heart
artery
red blood cell is red because of
hemoglobin
carries oxygen
hemoglobin
protein found in the plasma is responsible for blood clotting
fibrinogen
vitamin need for blood clotting
vitamin K
mineral needed for blood clotting
calcium
vitamin needed for RBC production
vitamin B12
liquid part of blood
plasma
fights infections and diseases
white blood cells
clumping together at the site of a damaged blood vessel, forming a “plug” that temporarily seals the wound and prevents excessive bleeding
platelets
body system that supplies body with oxygen and release CO2 as waste
respiratory system
inhale, takes in oxygen
inspiration
exhale, releases CO2 out
expiration
warms and moisten air, traps dirt
nose (nostrils)
passageway for both air and food
pharynx
prevents the entrance of food to trachea
epiglottis
voice box
larynx
________ are found inside the larynx
vocal chords
windpipe, cartilaginous, traps and sweeps out dirt through cilia
trachea
the main organ of the respiratory system
lungs
body system that regulates body and maintains homeostasis through hormones
endocrine system
pancreas releases ______
insulin
union of sex cells (gametes) or union of sperm and egg (ovum) forming zygote
reproductive system
sperm and ovum meet inside the test tube
in vitro fertilization
sperm and ovum meet inside the body
in vivo fertilization
produces semen and sperm
testes
body system that controls sensory and motor functions/memory and emotions
nervous system
basic unit of nervous system
neurons
part of brain: voluntary activities, largest, intelligences, learning, judgement. THINKING
CEREBRUM
part of brain: involuntary, balance, coordination
CEREBELLUM
part of brain: Connects brain and spinal cord, involuntary, life sustaining
brain stem
little brain
cerebellum
part of brain stem: controlled breathing
medulla oblongata
part of brain stem: controls motor movement, vision, hearing, and more
midbrain
part of brain stem: It manages pain signals. relays and regulates the signals that give you the sensation of pain from anywhere in your body below your neck
pons
body system that protects and supports body parts
skeletal system
framework - it gives shape to the body
skeletal system
body system: blood cell production on bone marrows. calcium and phosphorous storage
skeletal system
how many bone does an adult have
206
body system primarily for movement. moves limbs and other parts of the body. moves substances through the body
muscular system
types of muscular tissue:
INVOLUNTARY - can be found in stomach and intestine (non-striated)
smooth muscle
types of muscular tissue:
INVOLUNTARY - can only be found in heart (striated)
cardiac muscle
types of muscular tissue:
VOLUNTARY - can be found in our limbs (striated)
skeletal muscle
body system that removes metabolic waste from the body
excretory system
main excretory organ
kidney
produces urine
kidney
is the movement of water across the cell membrane
osmosis
filters blood
kidney
cell in HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
water comes inside the cell
swell, burst, lysed
cell in isotonic solution
no net movement of water
cell in HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
water goes outside the cell
shrink, shrivel, dehydrated
body system that serves as body covering. it protects us from UV rays. (nail, skin, hair)
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
largest organ of the human body
skin
the study of ecosystem
ecology
relationship between living and non-living things
ecosystem
can make their own food
producers/autotrophs
obtain food from another organism
consumers/heterotrophs
plant eaters
herbivores
feed on other animals
carnivores
feed on both plant and animals
omnivores
feed on decaying and necrotic matter (example: vulture)
scavengers
breakdown dead organisms
(fungi and bacteria)
decomposers or saprophytes
ecological relationship: sampaguita plant and mango tree
competition
ecological relationship: lion and deer
predation
ecological relationship: bee and flower (mutual benefit)
mutualism
ecological relationship: parasite and host
parasitism
ecological relationship: orchid and Narra tree
commensalism
study of genes and heredity
genetics
father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
physical appearance of an organism (observable traits)
examples: green, tall, short, straight, kinky
phenotype
genes of a specific character (Gg, gg, HH, hh)
genotype
identical alleles (HH, TT, tt)
homozygous
two different alleles (Hh, Tt)
Heterozygous
Mendel’s Law of Dominance
prevents the expression of the other gene/recessive gene
DOMINANT GENE OR WORKING GENE (CAPITAL LETTER)
Mendel’s Law of Dominance
The expression is masked by the presence of a dominant gene. will only have PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION if present as a homozygous genotype
RECESSIVE GENE OR NON-WORKING GENE (SMALL LETTER)
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
SS
STRAIGHT
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
Ss
STRAIGHT
S - Straight (Dominant)
s - Kinky (Recessive)
ss
KINKY
Organs having similar structure but they have different functions e.g., HUMAN ARM, CAT LEG, SEAL FLIPPER, BAT WING
HOMOLOGOUS ORGANS
organs having similar functions but they have different structures e.g., BUTTERFLY’S WINGS AND BAT WINGS
ANALOGOUS ORGANS
modification of biological process through human intervention
BIOTECHNOLOGY
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS OR TRANSGENIC ORGANISM
GENETIC ENGINEERING
the use of biotechnology to solve environmental problems
bioremediation
