Urogenital System Flashcards

0
Q

oligohydramnios

A

too little fluid inside the uterus, the kidneys aren’t producing urine

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1
Q

the kidney parenchymal tissue comes from the ___

A

metanephric blastema

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2
Q

bilateral renal agenesis is ____ compatible with life

A

not

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3
Q

pulmonary hypoplasia

A

the lungs don’t develop completely because there wasn’t enough fluid

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4
Q

unilateral renal agenesis is ____ compatible with life

A

still

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5
Q

what causes a unilateral renal agenesis?

A

abnormality of ureteral bud, not metanephros (kidney parenchyma)

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6
Q

what is the most common fusion anomaly?

A

horseshoe kidney

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7
Q

multicystic dysplastic kidney

A

the kidney parenchyma doesn’t form properly and is replaced with irregular cysts, most common cause of abdominal mass in infants

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8
Q

should you operate on a multicystic dysplastic kidney?

A

no, they tend to involute throughout childhood

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9
Q

antenatal hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the collecting system of the kidney

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10
Q

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A

a relative narrowing of the proximal ureter, impeding drainage

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11
Q

primary vesicoureteral reflux

A

a congenital, abnormal retrograde flow of urine from bladder to ureter (and kidney in higher grade)

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12
Q

what causes a primary vesicoureteral reflux?

A

an inadequate length of submucosal ureteric tunnel (doesn’t compress the tunnel, just flows back up)

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13
Q

the difference between a complete and incomplete duplication is that in an incomplete duplication the ureters ____

A

fuse

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14
Q

ectopic ureter

A

ureter inserts into the wrong place

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15
Q

ureterocoele

A

cystic dilation of the terminal ureter due to persistence of Chwalle’s membrane

16
Q

Weigert Meyer Law

A

lower pole ureter empties into the bladder superiorly and laterally- associated with reflux
upper pole ureter empties into the bladder inferiorly and medially- associated with obstruction

17
Q

posterior urethral valves

A

an obstructing membrane in the posterior male urethra as a result of abnormal in utero development

18
Q

hypospadius

A

abnormally proximal ventral urethral meatus

19
Q

cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

20
Q

why fix cryptorchidism?

A

allows surveillance for malignancy
less prone to trauma
may enhance fertility potential

21
Q

sexual differentiation is bi-potential until ___

22
Q

in the female, the glans becomes the ___

23
Q

in the female, the scrotal folds become the

A

labia majora

24
in the female, the urethra that doesn't unzip all the way becomes the
labia minora
25
in females, pseudohermaphroditism is caused by
exogenous androgens in pregnancy congenital adrenal hyperplasia -21 hydroxylase deficiency
26
in males, pseudohermaphroditism is caused by
disorders of testosterone synthesis 5-alpha reductase deficiency androgen receptor insensitivity
27
ovotestes
have both testicular tissue with seminiferous tubules and ovarian tissue with follicles
28
mixed gonadal dysgenesis
mosaic, undescended testicles, streak gonad contralaterally, some Mullein duct remnants, incomplete virilization
29
Wilm's Tumor
a malignant childhood renal tumor arising from renal blastema containing various stages of normal renal development histologically most common solid abdominal tumor of childhood
30
Wilm's tumor is associated with:
cryptorchidism, renal anomalies, hemi-hypertrophy, aniridia, hypospadias