SDR MA Flashcards
Testicular capsule consists of
Visceral tunica vaginalis (mesothelial) Tunica albuginea (collagen) Tunica vasculosa (support for vasculature)
Human Legdig cells contain what structures?
crystals of Reinke
How many lobules are in the testes?
How many tubules in each lobule?
250
1-4
tubules
join at both ends with the rete testis
surrounded by tunica propria boundary tissue
basement membrane of basal lamina and lamina reticularis
seminiferous epithelium composed of germ cells and Sertoli cells
complex stratified epithelium
transitional zone/terminal segment of only Sertoli
spermatogenesis
speratozoa from diploid spermatogonia to haploid spermatozoa
2n -> 2n -> 4n -> meiotic phrophase with chromatin rearrangment -> 2n -> 1n
Sertoli cells
base of seminiferous tubules to its lumen
dipoid and non-dividing
lobulated nucleus and indented nuclear membrane
sustentacular (supportive)
Tight junctions between them
regulates product transport at blood testis barrier
stages of chromatin rearrangement in meiotic prophase of spermatocytes
leptotene zygotene pachytene diplotein
Spermoienesis
spermatids -> spermatozoa
Sertoli cell only syndrom
cause of infertility
caused by aspermatogenesis - absense of germ cells
Also happens with Irradiation
What happens due to incomplete cytokinesis
germ cells of the same generation are connected by cytoplasmic brudges and develop synchronously
Orchitis
inflammation of the testis - mumps
raise pressure in testis leading to atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and eventually sterility
Testicular cancers
almost always malignant
chemo works in 90% of cases
Intratesticular exurrent ducts
tubulus rectus
rete testis
first part of the ductuli efferents
tubulus rectus
cuboidal epithelium
covered by very short microvilli and some flagellum
Rete testis
in the mediastinum
cuboidal epithelium
short microvilli some flagellum
dense connective tissue for vasculature
Ductuli Efferentes
10-20 extra-testicular
lined by simple columnar
with principal cells with microvilli
and cilicated cells with celia
Principal cells of the ductuli efferent
reabsorb fluid
concentration of sperm
highly vascularized to help reabsorption
Ciliated cells
move sperm thru the ducts
3 mechanisms of moving sperm thru ductuli efferentes
hydrostatic pressure from testis
beating of cilia
peristaltic contraction of periductal smooth muscle cells
ductuli efferents are derived from
embryological mesonephric tubules (hence fluid reabsorption)
Cauda epididymis
periductal muscle layer
stores sperm
ductus epididymidis derives from
mesoneprhic duct
Infection of the epididymis
caused by gonococcal or nonspecific infection following retrograde spreading from the urethra
ampulla
when vas deferense folds increase in height and become branched at the distal end
behind the bladder when it joins the seminal vesicle to form the jeaculatory duct that enters the prostatic urethra
mix sperm with secretion from accessory organs
vas deferense
continuous with epididymidis tail
condiut from storage to the rest of male accessory glands
lined by pseudostratified columnar epith w/ stereocilia
longitudinal folds
vas deferense 3 layers of smooth muscle
inner
middle
outer
adventitia
seminal vesicles
join the ampulla to join the ejactulary duct
pseudostratified/simple columnar epithelium
secretory gland
lamina propria of seminal vesicles has
elastic fibers, SM, loose connective tissue
seminal vesicle secretions contain
prostaglandins
vitamin C
fructose
prostate 3 branched glands
main gands
submucosal
mucosal
how many branched tubulo-alveolar glands empty into the urethra?
40
prostate
glandular epithelium = pseudostratified simple columnar
fibromuscular stroma aids discharge
prostatic fluid
30% of ejaculate volume
proteolytic enzymes, zinc, citric acid, acid phosphatase, PSA
Corpora amylecea = older men concretions - obstruct the lumen
bulbo-urethral/Cowpers glands
either side of urethra as it enters the penis base
enclosed with thin SM
secrete sialoglycoprotein (mucin) that lubricate the penile urethra prior to ejaculation
there is also skeletal muscle
prostatic urethra lined by
transitional epithelium
membranous and pnile urethra epithelium
stratified or pseudostratified columnar
urethral infections can go to
bladder
seminal vesicles
epididymis
medulla of ovary contains
blood vessels and connective tissue
primordial follicles are arrested in _____
meiotic Prophase I
secondary follicles are arrested in ____
meiotic phrophase II due to inhibitory effect of oocyte meiosis inhibitor (OMI)
What does the LH surge do to the oocyte?
overrides OMI
and arrests oocyte at metaphase II
Secondary oocytes have
diferentiated theca interna and externa
teriary follicle oocyte connected to ranulsa cells by
pedicle of granulosa cells continuous with the cumulus oophorus
inner layer of corona radiata
what degenerates corpus luteum to albicans?
autolysis and phagocytosis by macrophages
most prominent atresia of follicles during
pregnancy and just after birth
Majority of ovarian tumors in
germinal epithelium which happens to have no germinal cells in it
ovum moved by
peristaltic contractions of the muscularis and beating cilia
transudation
keeps ovum suspended in a visccous ovidctual fluid from the surrounding vasculature - secretion simulated by Estr; stopped by Prog
uterus endometrium epithelium
simple tubular glands that can go into myometrium
simple columnar
ciliated and secretory
Shortened luteal phase can cause
infertility
Dating of endometrium used to
assess the function of the ovary so the hypothalamus and pituitary in cases of infertility
cervix epithelium
simple columnar folded into crypts NOT GLANDS
secretes aqueous fluid in ovulation
viscous fluid in pregnancy
Vagina
stratified sqamous non-keratinized epithelium
labia minora epithelium
keratinized stratified squamous
devoid of sepaceous glands and adipose
3 layers of the vagina
mucosa
muscular - w/ rugae of SM
adventitia
