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SDR II > SDR 1/2 - Urogenital System > Flashcards

SDR 1/2 - Urogenital System Flashcards

0
Q

Pronephros/Mesonephros

A

Fake kidney

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1
Q

1) Adrenal Medulla (Neuro - Ecto)

2) Genital Swelling/UG Sinus (Endo)

A

The mesoderm gives rise to all of the genitourinary organs except

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2
Q

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct

A

This develops into the male parts + trigone

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3
Q

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) Duct

A

This develops into the female parts

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4
Q

Metanephros

A

Real kidney

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5
Q

Ureteric Duct

A

This develops into the ureter and collecting system

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6
Q

Mesonephric duct

A

The ureteric duct arises from the

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7
Q

Cloaca

A

This early structure is a common chamber into which urinary, genital and gastrointestinal tracts converge

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8
Q

Urogenital Sinus

A

This structurs is the site of genitourinary development from the bladder down (excluding gonads and their tubing). It is the ventral part of the cloaca, formed after it separates the anal/urogenital canal during the 4th to 7th weeks of development

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9
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Decreased amount of amniotic fluid. Often a sign that the fetus is not producing urine

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10
Q

IMA

A

A horseshoe kidney is most commonly caught on this artery while ascending

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11
Q

Mesonephron

A

This structure acts as a premature kidney for the 1st trimester. Then it disappears to give rise to something else (next card)

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12
Q

1) Trigone
2) Efferent ducts of testis
3) Epididymus
4) Vas Deferens

A

The mesonephron gives rise to the mesonephric duct after ~1st trimester. What 4 structures does the mesonephric duct differentiate into

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13
Q

T

A

(T/F) All kidneys develop from the intermediate mesoderm

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14
Q

4

A

Pronephros = gone after week ~____

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15
Q

8

A

The Metanephros becomes the functional kidney after ~____ weeks

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16
Q

1) Ejaculatory Duct/Prostatic Urethra

2) Lower 1/3 of Vagina/Urethra

A

In males the UG Sinus/Cloaca develop into the (1), and in females they develop into the (2)

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17
Q

1) Ureteric Bud

2) Nephros

A

The (1) and (2) are best friends. The induce each other to create the kidney and collecting system

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18
Q

DCT

A

The metanephros makes up the nephron from the glomerulus to the

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19
Q

1) Collecting Ducts
2) Calyces
3) Pelvis
4) Ureter

A

The Ureteric Bud gives rise to these 4 aspects of the collecting system

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20
Q

1) Cloaca

2) Metanephros

A

Two insertions of the ureteric bud

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21
Q

MCDK (Multicystic dysplastic kidney)

A

Most common cause of abdominal mass in a child

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22
Q

Sacrum

A

The kidney begins in the (1) and rises up to the chest

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23
Q

F (gains/loses blood supply as it rises)

A

(T/F) As the kidney ascends, it typically brings along its blood supply

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24
Q

T

A

(T/F) As the kidney ascends the ureteric bud bifurcates into calyces, infundibula, collecting ducts

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25
Q

1) Complete duplication
2) Partial duplication
3) Bifid duplication

A

A duplicated ureter that inserts into the bladder at an ectopic location is known as a (1).
A duplicated ureter that joins close to the bladder is called a (2).
A duplicated ureter that joins near the kidney is called a (3) .

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26
Q

In the normal spot (Kidney rises to meet the adrenal)

A

In a person with a right pelvic kidney, where is the right adrenal located?

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27
Q

F (~15% of kidneys have 2+ arteries)

A

(T/F) It is uncommon for kidneys to have multiple renal arteries

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28
Q

Urorectal Septum

A

The cloaca is divided into two separate tubes by the

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29
Q

1) Urogenital sinus

2) Anorectal canal

A

At 30 days, the urorectal septum splits the cloaca into the (1) and (2)

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30
Q

Trigone

A

During development the urogenital sinus grows and absorbs a part of the Wollfian Duct distal to ureteric bud (remember—UB is derived from WD). This portion becomes the (1)

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31
Q

Ureteral Orifice

A

The connection between the WD and the UB moves laterally and becomes the

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32
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

An Insertion of Wolffian Duct into Urogenital Sinus moves medially and becomes

33
Q

Vesicoureteral Reflux

A

An abnormal backflow (reflux) of urine from the bladder to the ureter

34
Q

UPJ (Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction)

A

Most common site for fetal and pediatric obstruction is where?

35
Q

UVJ (Ureterovesicular Junction Obstruction)

A

Narrowest part of urinary tract and common place for pediatric obstruction

36
Q

Superior (Weigert-Meyer Rule; Usually obstructed medially)

A

When a ureter is completely duplicated the (superior/inferior) pole is typically the ectopic ureter

37
Q

Distal to bladder neck

A

7 year old girl presents with incontinence. Never potty trained. History reveals she is continuously wet. If this is due to an ectopic ureter, where is it located?

38
Q

Megaureter

A

An enlarged ureter, congenital or acquired; the common presentation of ureterovesical junction obstruction; may appear as tortuous cystic intra-abdominal mass

39
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

40
Q

Genital ridges

A

Around 5 weeks, (1) form next to developing mesonephros and create the primitive sex cord

41
Q

Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts

A

Around 6 weeks, (1) form lateral to the nephric ducts

42
Q

SRY

A

The sex determining region of the Y chromosome

43
Q

Male

A

With SRY, fetus will develop into a (male/female)

*Assuming everything else goes according to plan

44
Q

Mullerian

A

Appendix testis is a (mullarian/wolffian) duct remnant

45
Q

Wolffian

A

Appendix epidydimus is a (mullarian/wolffian) duct remnant

46
Q

1) Testis cord (helped by sertoli cells)

2) Ovarian Follicles

A

In males (With SRY) the primitive sex cord develops into (1), while in females the primitive sex cord develops into the (2)

47
Q

MIS (Mullerian Inhibiting Substance)

A

Sertoli Cells secrete (1), which causes the Mullerian and Paramesonephric Duct Involutes

48
Q

Leydig

A

(Sertoli/Leydig) cells secrete testosterone

49
Q

1) Fallopian Tubes
2) Uterus
3) Upper 2/3 of vagina

A

Mullerian ducts develop into these 3 things

50
Q

7

A

Male and female genitalia are morphologically indistinguishable until week ____

51
Q

1) Clitoris

2) Penis

A

The Genital Tubercle develops into (1) in females and (2) in males

52
Q

1) Labia Majora
2) Scrotum
* Also called labioscrotal folds b/c this

A

The Genital Swellings develop into (1) in females and (2) in males

53
Q

1) Labia Minora

2) Penile Urethra

A

The Urethral Folds develop into (1) in females and (2) in males

54
Q

1) Vestibule

2) Urethral Lumen

A

The Urogenital Groove develops into (1) in females and (2) in males

55
Q

A) Urogenital Groove

A 
The development of which of the following is not driven by DHT?
A) Urogenital Groove
B) Genital Swellings
C) Genital Tubercle
D) Urethral Folds
56
Q

Trigone

A

In females, a remnant of the wolffian duct forms the

57
Q

Nothing. Degenerates in the presence of MIF

A

In males, a remnant of the mullerian duct forms the

58
Q

1) Round/Ovarian Ligament

2) Gubernaculum

A

In females the (1) is formed by the Caudal Genital Ligament, while in males it forms the (2)

59
Q

Skene’s Glands

A

The female equivalent to the prostate is

60
Q

Bartholin’s

A

Cowper’s glands in males are equivalent to (1) glands in females

61
Q

Cowper’s

A

(1) glands in males are equivalent to Bartholin’s glands in females

62
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

undescended testicles

63
Q

Orchidoplexy

A

Process to move undescended testicles down

64
Q

C) Testis may regain fertility; not certain

A 
Which of the following is not a reason to perform orchidoplexy?
A) Decreases chance of malignancy
B) Allows surveillance for malignancy
C) Testis regains fertility
D) It less prone to trauma
E) Can fix associated hernia
65
Q

1) Indirect hernia

2) Hydrocele

A

Patent processus vaginalis often leads to

66
Q

T

A

(T/F) Descends through retroperitoneum to inguinal canal before passing through patent processus vaginalis

67
Q

Gonadotropins

A

Cryptorchidism is linked to a deficiency in

68
Q

1) 21Hydroxylase (95%)

2) 11β Hydroxylase (5%)

A

Most common enzymatic deficiencies leading to CAHypoplasia

69
Q 
Aldosteron lvls (salt wasting if too low)
*Or Progesterone/Deoxycorticosterone bc they are precursors in pathway
A

The most important thing to check in children with possible CAH

70
Q

F (occurs in 75%)

A

(T/F) Salt wasting occurs in all cases of 21OH deficient CAH

71
Q

T (Deoxycorticosterone helps retain Na; HTN common)

A

(T/F) Those with 11β OH are usually not salt wasters

72
Q

MIS secretion by sertoli cells

A

Those born with Androgen insensitivity (46XY) will present with bilateral absence of Mullerian derivatives due to

73
Q

B) Incr risk of adenocarcinoma

A

Which of the following is true of patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome?

A) They have at least 1 X and 2 Y chromosomes
B) They are at incr risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the breast
C) They undergo replacement of leydig cells with hyaline
D) They are characteristically fertile
E) They bear little resemblance to XX males

74
Q

1) MCDK

2) Hydrocephalus

A

These two conditions both look like a bear claw under ultrasound

75
Q

MCDK (ureteral atresia also common)

A

This condition is common when the ureteral bud and metanephros do not join

76
Q

1) FSH

2) LH

A

Sertoli cells are stimulated by (1). Leydig cells are stimulated by (2)

77
Q

1) Testosterone

2) DHT

A

Development of internal male structures is dependent on (1), while development of external male structures is dependent on (2)

78
Q

High Testosterone:DHT ratio

A

Fairly definitive diagnosis for 5-alpha reductase deficiency

79
Q

12

A

We typically wait at least ____ months (considering a ~normal number of tries) before suggesting a fertility problem may be the underlying issue

80
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

It is common for this syndrome to suddenly manifest after pt drinks significant amounts of ADH blocker (coffee, alcohol, H2O)

SDR II (42 decks)

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