Male Reproductive System Flashcards
gubernaculum testis
connective tissue extending from testis to what will become the scrotum
function of gubernaculum testis in the developing embryo
holds testis in place as the body grows.
7th month: hormones cause contraction of the gubernaculum, pulling the testes into scrotum
LH acts on ___
Leydig cells, testosterone production
FSH acts on ___
seminiferous tubules- Sertoli cells, germ cell maintenance
Inhibin
a testicular hormone that inhibits FSH secretion in the pituitary
what is the order of the three layers of the testes capsule?
visceral tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
tunica vasculosa
what is between each septum of the tunica albuginea?
seminiferous tubules
androgen insensitivity syndrome
caused by a defective androgen receptor
testosterone activities:
- maintain spermatogenesis
- maintain accessory glands of reproduction
- secondary sex characteristics
- libido
Leydig cells are histologically characterized by:
smooth ER
Lipid droplets
mitochondria with tubular cristae
tubulus rectus
connects the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis
the seminipherous epithelium is sometimes described as:
complex stratified
the adult stem cell is called:
spermatogonium
what are the “nurse” aka sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubule?
Sertoli cells
what is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?
prevent antibodies from recognizing and destroying germ cells
primary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA
4n
secondary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA
2n
the elongation and differentiation from a spermatid to a spermatozoa is called:
spermiogenesis
the entire progression from a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa is called:
spermatogenesis
the acrosome comes from ___
an acrosomal granule
the axoneme comes from ___
centrioles
mitochondria congregate to form the ___
middle piece
in the principal piece, the mitochondria are replaced with a ____
fibrous sheath
in the end piece, the fibrous sheath is replaced with ____
nothing
what facilitates the synchronous cycling of the seminiferous epithelium?
incomplete cytokinesis between germ cells
in humans, the arrangement of stages is a ____ pattern
ribbon/helical
the rete testis is lined by _____ with the occasional ___
simple cuboidal epithelium, flagellum
the pampinoform plexus allows for:
countercurent blood flow to cool the testes
the major function of the ductuli efferentes is:
fluid reabsorption, concentrating the sperm
what are the two cells in the ductuli efferentes?
ciliated- moves sperm along
non-ciliated- fluid reabsorption
the ductus epididymus is histologically characterized by:
psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (skinny microvilli)
what are the main functions of the epididymis?
sperm maturation and storage
the ductus (vas) deferens has how many layers of smooth muscle?
3- inner and outer longitudinal
middle circular
the seminal vesicle secretes compounds that:
promote the viability of the sperm
benign prostatic hyperplasia generally arises from the zones _____
closest to the urethra
prostate cancer generally arises from the zones ____
around the periphery of the prostate
corpora amylacea
concretions which are a distinguishing feature of the prostate
a histological distinguishing feature of Cowper’s glands is ____
skeletal muscle
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
occur at the base of the penis and secrete a mucus that lines the penile urethra during sexual arousal. This protects sperm from any urine that might be left, and the urethra from any acrosomal enzymes
what encapsulates the corpus cavernosum?
the tunica albuginea
the corpus cavernosum of the urethra is also called the:
corpus spongiosum
the male urethra is ____ in the prostate
transitional
the male urethra is ____ in the membranous and penile part
pseudo stratified and/or stratified
Hypospadias
- Failure of UG folds to fuse completely on ventral surface of penis during formation of penile urethra.
- Urine escapes from this opening in the newborn penis (under)
In the male, the ____ become connected to the testis to form male genital duct system (e.g., ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct).
mesonephric duct and tubules
Primordium of the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.
paramesonephric duct (mullerian)
Fibrous remnant of the allantois extending from the top of the bladder to the umbilicus.
urachus
Urorectal septum
- natural cleft bw the allantois and hindgut tube.
- extends inferiorly to divide cloaca into rectum and a UG sinus that becomes urinary bladder, urethra, vestibule, prostate, and related structures.
Summary of female urogenital tract derivatives
- Ureteric bud: ureter
- Mesonephric ducts: trigone of bladder
- Paramesonephric ducts: oviduct, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina
- Urogenital sinus: bladder (except trigone), bulbourethral gland, urethra, lower 2/3 of vagina
Functions of Sertoli Cells in Male Sexual Differentiation
- Induce migration of mesenchymal cells (endothelial) from mesonephros into testis
- Give off signals that inhibit entry of male germ cells into meiosis
- Emit signals that induce differentiation of Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone
- Secrete müllerian inhibiting substance
- Secrete androgen-binding factor
