Placental and Fetal Membrane

Question 0

what is the precursor to the chorionic cavity?

Answer 0

extraembryonic reticulum

Question 1

mom’s blood fills the _____

Answer 1

intervillous spaces

Question 2

there are:
___ umbilical vein
___ umbilical artery

Answer 2

1, 2

Question 3

the ___ is the fetal portion of the placenta

Answer 3

chorion

Question 4

the ___ are the maternal portion of the placenta

Answer 4

decidual cells

Question 5

maternal blood is kept separate from the fetal blood by:

Answer 5

cytotrophoblast cells, syncytotrophoblast cells, extra embryonic mesoderm, and the endothelial cells lining each capillary

Question 6

the chorion ___ will eventually break down and the chorion ___ will become the main workhorse of placental development

Answer 6

laeve, frondosum

Question 7

decidua capsularis

Answer 7

the region that overlies the chorion laeve

Question 8

maternal antibodies set up a passive immunity to:

Answer 8

diptheria, smallpox, and measles

Question 9

maternal antibodies don’t set up a passive immunity to:

Answer 9

chicken pox and whooping cough

Question 10

what is the placental barrier size cutoff?

Answer 10

100,000 daltons

Question 11

what gets through the placenta?

Answer 11

1. gases
2. water, glucose, vitamins, lipids
3. hormones
4. electrolytes
5. maternal antibodies
6. drugs and their metabolites
7. waste products

Question 12

what hormones does the placenta produce?

Answer 12

hCG
PlGF
IDO- destroys tryptophans on maternal T cells rendering them inactive as they approach the placenta
Somatomammotropin- gives fetus priority for glucose

Question 13

the chorionic cavity is overtaken by the ____

Answer 13

amniotic cavity

Question 14

placental septum allows ___

Answer 14

mom’s blood to come in and bath the chorionic villi

Question 15

neonatalogists lookout the placenta to asses ___ which can be a sign for ____

Answer 15

the cotyledons, defects i.e. heart

Question 16

cotyledons are formed by ___

Answer 16

large placental septum that penetrate deeply

Question 17

the amnion is comprised of ___ and is the ____ fetal membrane

Answer 17

epithelial cells, innermost

Question 18

the fluid in the amnion is composed of ___

Answer 18

water from the maternal blood that diffuses through the intervillus spaces

Question 19

the fluid in the amnion bathes the ___

Answer 19

outside and inside of the embryo (lungs, GI tract)

Question 20

the umbilical cord is derived from the ____

Answer 20

extraembryonic mesoderm

Question 21

blood vessels undergoing angiogenesis enter the connecting stalk of the umbilical cord around week __

Answer 21

3

Question 22

within the umbilical chord, the arteries and veins are enmeshed in a proteoglycan-based substance called:

Answer 22

Jelly of Wharton

Question 23

why are the umbilical veins at 8 weeks so much stronger relative to the arteries?

Answer 23

because the arteries are very small

Question 24

in vasculogenesis, mesoderm cells begin clustering and differentiating into __

Answer 24

hemangioblasts

Question 25

hemangioblasts differentiate into ___ and ___. This depends on the relative concentrations of ___

Answer 25

primitive blood cells, endothelial cells lining capillaries | oxygen

Question 26

in the presence of oxygen, up regulation of ___ and ___ leads to differentiation

Answer 26

VEGF and PLGF

Question 27

dizygotic twins result when ___

Answer 27

the ovary releases two eggs which are both fertilized by a single sperm

Question 28

the fusion of chorions in dizygotic twins can result in ___

Answer 28

erythrocyte mosaicism

Question 29

monozygotic twins result when ___

Answer 29

one egg and one sperm, a population of cells separates during the blastocyst stage

Question 30

amniotic banding

Answer 30

a tear in the amniotic membrane allows a limb to go out and become constricted. results in developmental deformities

Question 31

hydramnios or polyhydramnios results from ___ amniotic fluid

Answer 31

too much

Question 32

oligohydramnios results from ___ amniotic fluid

Answer 32

too little

Question 33

what causes pre-eclampsia?

Answer 33

sFlt-1 in the bloodstream hijacks PLGF leading to deterioration of existing blood vessels and inhibition of new ones in placenta and other organs such as kidneys, liver, etc.

Question 34

what is the treatment for pre-eclampsia?

Answer 34

Flood mother with PLGF to compensate

Question 35

The 3 different types of decidua are derived from what?

Answer 35

all 3 derived from what used to be endometrial tissue

Question 36

Mom’s portion of placenta is ______. | Child’s portion of the placenta is _____.

Answer 36

decidua basalis (used to be endometrium bf implantation) chorion frondosum