Lec 2: Urinary System Histology I Flashcards
cortex
thin granular outer region
hilum
where ureter exits the kidney
indented region in the middle of the kidney, where blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter/leave the organ
medulla
inner, striated region
medulla is arranged in?
pyramids
tip of pyramids called?
papillae
pyramid & its overlying cortex make up a?
lobe
papillae funnel to?
minor calyx–> major calyx –> renal pelvis
nephron is made up of?
renal corpuscle & uriniferous tubules
bowman’s capsule
space & cells that surround the capillaries
vascular pole
end of the corpuscle where afferent & efferent arterioles enter & leave
urinary pole
where ultrafiltrate formed travels through the rest of the nephron
afferent arteriole
branched off interlobar arteries
efferent arteriole
carries blood away from the glomeruli
presence of smooth muscle controls HP in capillary loops
what are glomerular capillaries made of?
glomerular endothelium w/open fenestrations
DO NOT HAVE DIAPHRAGMS (helps facilitate flow across walls into bowman’s space)
basement membrane
thick layer surrounding endothelium
visceral layer of epithelium is made of?
podocytes
parietal epithelial layer
thin layer
simple squamous epithelium
lines inside of capsular space
mesangial cells
prominent at vascular pole
role in phagocytosis
large branches from podocytes are called
major processes
gives rise to smaller foot processes (pedicels)
juxtaglomerular cells
specialized cells within afferent arteriole
secrete renin
macula densa
clumped cells of distal tubule
3 layers of glomerular filtration wall (from capillary lumen to bowman’s space)
- fenestrated glomerular epithelium
- thick glomerular basement membrane
- adjacent podocyte foot processes (running along filtration diaphragm)
fenestrated glomerular endothelium
large
no diaphragms
(not super restrictive)
glomerular basement membrane
mechanical barrier electrostatic barrier (repels charged molecules via heparin sulfate distributed across the membrane)
foot processes are full of
actin & myosin
regulating what gets across
three factors that determine whether something will pass through the glomerular wall?
- size
- shape
- charge
what is the main thing blocked in the glomerular filtration wall?
albumin
if albumin found in urine–>indicates pathological state
