Lec 2: Urinary System Histology I Flashcards

0
Q

cortex

A

thin granular outer region

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1
Q

hilum

A

where ureter exits the kidney

indented region in the middle of the kidney, where blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter/leave the organ

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2
Q

medulla

A

inner, striated region

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3
Q

medulla is arranged in?

A

pyramids

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4
Q

tip of pyramids called?

A

papillae

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5
Q

pyramid & its overlying cortex make up a?

A

lobe

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6
Q

papillae funnel to?

A

minor calyx–> major calyx –> renal pelvis

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7
Q

nephron is made up of?

A

renal corpuscle & uriniferous tubules

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8
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

space & cells that surround the capillaries

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9
Q

vascular pole

A

end of the corpuscle where afferent & efferent arterioles enter & leave

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10
Q

urinary pole

A

where ultrafiltrate formed travels through the rest of the nephron

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11
Q

afferent arteriole

A

branched off interlobar arteries

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12
Q

efferent arteriole

A

carries blood away from the glomeruli

presence of smooth muscle controls HP in capillary loops

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13
Q

what are glomerular capillaries made of?

A

glomerular endothelium w/open fenestrations

DO NOT HAVE DIAPHRAGMS (helps facilitate flow across walls into bowman’s space)

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14
Q

basement membrane

A

thick layer surrounding endothelium

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15
Q

visceral layer of epithelium is made of?

16
Q

parietal epithelial layer

A

thin layer
simple squamous epithelium
lines inside of capsular space

17
Q

mesangial cells

A

prominent at vascular pole

role in phagocytosis

18
Q

large branches from podocytes are called

A

major processes

gives rise to smaller foot processes (pedicels)

19
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

specialized cells within afferent arteriole

secrete renin

20
Q

macula densa

A

clumped cells of distal tubule

21
Q

3 layers of glomerular filtration wall (from capillary lumen to bowman’s space)

A
  1. fenestrated glomerular epithelium
  2. thick glomerular basement membrane
  3. adjacent podocyte foot processes (running along filtration diaphragm)
22
Q

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

A

large
no diaphragms
(not super restrictive)

23
Q

glomerular basement membrane

A
mechanical barrier 
electrostatic barrier (repels charged molecules via heparin sulfate distributed across the membrane)
24
foot processes are full of
actin & myosin | regulating what gets across
25
three factors that determine whether something will pass through the glomerular wall?
1. size 2. shape 3. charge
26
what is the main thing blocked in the glomerular filtration wall?
albumin | if albumin found in urine-->indicates pathological state