Lec 2: Urinary System Histology I

Question 0

cortex

Answer 0

thin granular outer region

Question 1

hilum

Answer 1

where ureter exits the kidney

indented region in the middle of the kidney, where blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter/leave the organ

Question 2

medulla

Answer 2

inner, striated region

Question 3

medulla is arranged in?

Answer 3

pyramids

Question 4

tip of pyramids called?

Answer 4

papillae

Question 5

pyramid & its overlying cortex make up a?

Answer 5

lobe

Question 6

papillae funnel to?

Answer 6

minor calyx–> major calyx –> renal pelvis

Question 7

nephron is made up of?

Answer 7

renal corpuscle & uriniferous tubules

Question 8

bowman’s capsule

Answer 8

space & cells that surround the capillaries

Question 9

vascular pole

Answer 9

end of the corpuscle where afferent & efferent arterioles enter & leave

Question 10

urinary pole

Answer 10

where ultrafiltrate formed travels through the rest of the nephron

Question 11

afferent arteriole

Answer 11

branched off interlobar arteries

Question 12

efferent arteriole

Answer 12

carries blood away from the glomeruli

presence of smooth muscle controls HP in capillary loops

Question 13

what are glomerular capillaries made of?

Answer 13

glomerular endothelium w/open fenestrations

DO NOT HAVE DIAPHRAGMS (helps facilitate flow across walls into bowman’s space)

Question 14

basement membrane

Answer 14

thick layer surrounding endothelium

Question 15

visceral layer of epithelium is made of?

Answer 15

podocytes

Question 16

parietal epithelial layer

Answer 16

thin layer
simple squamous epithelium
lines inside of capsular space

Question 17

mesangial cells

Answer 17

prominent at vascular pole

role in phagocytosis

Question 18

large branches from podocytes are called

Answer 18

major processes

gives rise to smaller foot processes (pedicels)

Question 19

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 19

specialized cells within afferent arteriole

secrete renin

Question 20

macula densa

Answer 20

clumped cells of distal tubule

Question 21

3 layers of glomerular filtration wall (from capillary lumen to bowman’s space)

Answer 21

1. fenestrated glomerular epithelium
2. thick glomerular basement membrane
3. adjacent podocyte foot processes (running along filtration diaphragm)

Question 22

fenestrated glomerular endothelium

Answer 22

large
no diaphragms
(not super restrictive)

Question 23

glomerular basement membrane

Answer 23

mechanical barrier 
electrostatic barrier (repels charged molecules via heparin sulfate distributed across the membrane)

Question 24

foot processes are full of

Answer 24

actin & myosin

regulating what gets across

Question 25

three factors that determine whether something will pass through the glomerular wall?

Answer 25

1. size
2. shape
3. charge

Question 26

what is the main thing blocked in the glomerular filtration wall?

Answer 26

albumin

if albumin found in urine–>indicates pathological state