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SDR II > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

Kidneys, bladder, ADH, stuff like that

0
Q

Hilum

A

medial indentation in the capsule opening into the renal sinus

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1
Q

Capsule

A

fibrous outer covering of the kidney

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2
Q

Cortex

A

Outer portion of the kidney

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3
Q

Medulla

A

Inner portion of the kidney

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4
Q

Renal Papilla

A

Urine formed by each renal pyramid drains into hollow tubes called the

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5
Q

2314

A

Put the following in the correct order with respect to drainage flow from the kidneys to the bladder:

1) Renal pelvis
2) Minor calyces
3) Major calyces
4) Ureter

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6
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

Red

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7
Q

Renal Tubule

A

Green

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8
Q

Glomerulus

A

Capillaries where filtration of blood takes place (vascular component)

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9
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

Collects filtrate from glomerulus, continuous with renal tubules

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10
Q

Cortical Nephron

A

Part of nephron near the cortical surface containing the short loop of Henle
-Solute and water reabsorption take place here

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11
Q

Juxtamedullary Nephron

A

Type of nephron containing the long loop of Henle

-Urine dilution or concentration take place here

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12
Q

Vasa Recta

A

The hairpin loop of peritubular capillaries that surround the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

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13
Q

1342

A

Put the vasculature of the nephron in the correct order

1) Afferent Pathway
2) Peritubular Capillaries
3) Glomerulus Capillaries
4) Efferent Pathway

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14
Q

Filtration

A

The renal corpuscle is the sight of what?

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15
Q

Reabsorption

A

The transport of solutes and water FROM renal tubule and back into peritubular capillary is called

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16
Q

Secretion

A

The transport of solutes FROM peritubular capillaries and into renal tubule.

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17
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

The glomerular capillaries (glomerulus) are located inside the

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18
Q

Urinary Excretion

A

glomerular filtration + tubular secretion - tubular reabsorption

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19
Q

Loop of Henle (Nephron Loop)

A

Further re-absorption of water and both sodium and chloride takes place where?

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20
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Area of contact between the distal tubule and its glomerulus

Hotspot for renin production

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21
Q

Juxtaglomerular Cells (Granular Cells)

A

Specialized smooth muscle cells in wall of AFFERENT ARTERIOLE

  • Respond to stretch
  • Secrete renin
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22
Q

Macula Densa

A

Specialized epithelial cells in the DISTAL TUBULE that can sense NaCl load

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23
Q

Increase

A

Granular (JG) cells respond to stretch in the capillaries of the kidney (Intrarenal baroreceptors). A DECREASE in stretch will cause a(n) (increase/decrease) in renin production?

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24
Q

Decrease

A

Granular (JG) cells respond to stretch in the capillaries of the kidney (Intrarenal baroreceptors). An INCREASE in stretch will cause a(n) (increase/decrease) in renin production?

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25
Q

Increase

A

Decreased Sodium Delivery to Macula Densa will cause a(n) (increase/decrease) in renin production?

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26
Q

Podocytes

A

A cell with branching tentacle-shaped extensions that constitutes the barrier through which blood is filtered in the glomerulus of the kidney.

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27
Q

Pedicels

A

Teh foot like extensions of the podocyte cells are known as

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28
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

The Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule make up the

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29
Q

Into

A

An increase in oncotic pressure favors water flowing (into/out of) the system?

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30
Q

GFR/RBF

A

The Filtration fraction of blood in the glomerulus is known as _________ and is approximately 20%

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31
Q

GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

A

Volume flow rate at which fluid flows from the plasma in the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s space

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32
Q

Favors

A

A high Pgc (Favors/Opposes) filtration.

33
Q

Opposes

A

A high Pbs (Favors/Opposes) filtration.

34
Q

Opposes

A

A high PiGC (Favors/Opposes) filtration.

35
Q

Favors

A

A high PiBC (Favors/Opposes) filtration.

36
Q

Hydrostatic Force-Oncotic Force

A

The Puf (net driving force favoring filtration) is composed of the sum of what two forces?

37
Q

Kf*Puf

A

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) =

38
Q

Out of

A

High Hydrostatic pressure favors water moving (into/out of) the system

39
Q

Into

A

Oncotic pressure favors water moving (into/out of) the system

40
Q

Hydraulic Conductivity*Surface Area

A

The filtration coefficient is the product of what?

41
Q

Greater

A

The filtration coefficient (Kf) of the glomerular capillaries is (greater/less than) systemic capillaries

42
Q

Increases

A

Kf (increases/decreases) as the basement membrane deteriorates

43
Q

Decreases

A

Kf (increases/decreases) as nephrons are lost

44
Q

Renal Blood Flow

A

RBF

45
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

GFR

46
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Renal autoregulation takes place mainly at the what?

47
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic nervous stimulation releases

48
Q

Decreases/Decreases

A

Norepinephrine (increases/decreases) RBF and (increases/decreases) GFR

49
Q

Increases/Maintains

A

Renin Angiotensin II (increases/decreases) TPR and (increases/decreases/maintains) GFR

50
Q

Increases/Increases (vasodilation)

A

Atrial Naturietic Peptide (increases/decreases) RBF and (increases/decreases) GFR

51
Q

99

A

What percentage of water, sodium chloride and bicarbonate are reabsorbed in the kidneys?

52
Q

100

A

What percentage of glucose is reabsorbed in the kidney?

53
Q

Glomerulus

A

Ultrafiltration takes place in the what?

54
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

In the kidney water and solutes are reabsorbed into the?

55
Q

Nephron Tubules

A

In the kidney solutes are secreted into the?

56
Q

Simple epithelial cells

A

Walls of the tubules of the nephron are composed of

57
Q

Tight junctions

A

Paracellular transport between tubular epithelial cells in the nephron takes place through what?

58
Q

Proximal Tubule

A

The greatest percentage of sodium reabsorption occurs in the what?

59
Q

Increase/interstitium

A

The overall goal of the loop of Henle is to (increases/decrease) the concentration of NaCl in the what?

60
Q

Increases

A

Osmolarity of tubular fluid (increases/decreases) as fluid travels down the thin descending limb

61
Q

Furosemide(Lasix)/Increasing

A

The most powerful diuretic used clinically is called what?

It works by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl (increasing/decreasing) the amount of Na+ and water filtered.

62
Q

Thiazide

A

In the Distal Convoluted Tubule the Na/Cl cotransporter on the apical membrane is inhibited by what type of diuretic?

63
Q

Increases

A

Aldosterone (increases/decreases) the number of Enac channels on principal cells in the DCT

64
Q

Amiloride

A

“Potassium Sparing” diuretic that acts by inhibiting Enac channels and reducing Na reabsorbtion/K secretion

65
Q

Diuresis

A

Loss of water by excretion of dilute (hypoosmotic) and copious amount of urine. This occurs during periods of excess fluid intake

66
Q

Plasma osmolarity

A

The main stimulus for release of ADH is an increase in what?

67
Q

ADH

A

BIG drops in blood pressure can stimulate release of what?

68
Q

1200

A

Maximal value of osmolarity that can be developed in the innermost medullary interstitium

69
Q

Increase/K secretion

A

Aldosterone will (Increase/decrease) reabsorption of sodium by principal calls, which is linked to what?

70
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Extremely low potassium levels is called

71
Q

AVP

A

ADH is also known as

72
Q

Detrusor

A

Smooth muscle of the bladder, innervated by PNS (M3 receptors)

73
Q

PNS/ACh/M3

A

The bladder is stimulated to contract by the (SNS/PNS) and the binding of ________ to ________ receptors.

74
Q

Pudendal

A

The external urethral sphincter is controlled via what nerve?

75
Q

Hypogastric/alpha 1

A

The internal urethral sphincter is controlled via what nerve and hormone (SNS)?

76
Q

Micturition

A

Fancy word for urination

77
Q

Incontinence

A

involuntary loss of urine

78
Q

Stress Urinary Incontinence

A

Loss of urine associated with increases in abdominal pressure. Dysfunctional sphincter

79
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Loss of urine due to bladder instability.

Dysfunctional detrusor muscle

80
Q

Mixed Incontinence

A

Loss of urine due to both Stress and Urge. Most common type

81
Q

Overflow Incontinence

A

Constant loss of urine due to overdistended bladder. Often associated with blocked outlet

SDR II (42 decks)

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