Endocrinology of the Ovary and Female Reproductive Tract

Question 0

the _-subunit confers specific biological action

Answer 0

beta

Question 1

GnRH is found in both the ___ and the ____

Answer 1

medial preoptic area, arcuate nucleus/median eminence area of the hypothalamus

Question 2

___ is the primary ovarian estrogen.

Answer 2

17-β-estradiol

Question 3

The ovaries produce ___ and ___

Answer 3

estrogen and progesterone

Question 4

estrogen and progesterone usually ___ the secretion of LH and FSH

Answer 4

inhibits

Question 5

positive estrogen feedback happens in the ___ of the menstrual cycle

Answer 5

middle

Question 6

progesterone is found in birth control pills because:

Answer 6

it moderates some of the more potent effects of estrogen

Question 7

GnRH is controlled by:

Answer 7

Kisspeptin and GnIH

Question 8

Stress regulates GnRH via:

Answer 8

beta-endorphins and CRH

Question 9

Kisspeptin receptors for ___ mediate the negative feedback for GnRH activity

Answer 9

estrogen

Question 10

the pulsatile nature of LH levels when estrogen is removed is known as the ____ rhythm

Answer 10

circhoral

Question 11

the corpus luteum largely becomes a ___ secreting structure

Answer 11

progesterone

Question 12

Granulosa cells contain the enzyme ____ to convert androgens into estrogens

Answer 12

aromatase

Question 13

low estrogen is detected as a ___ feedback signal in the ___

Answer 13

negative, arcuate nucleus

Question 14

high estrogen is detected as a ___ feedback signal in the ___

Answer 14

positive, medial preoptic area

Question 15

the mid-cycle surge in LH will target the granulosa cells of the follicle to produce a high intrafollicular surge in ___

Answer 15

progesterone

Question 16

high intrafollicular progesterone stimulates ____ which ____

Answer 16

collagenase, metalloprotenase

weaken the follicular wall

Question 17

high intrafollicular progesterone also stimulates ____ so that __ increases, which contributes to the movement of fluid into the follicle. It also increases the amount of ___ receptors

Answer 17

prostaglandin synthase, PF2α, progesterone

Question 18

the first half of the ovarian cycle is called the ____ phase

Answer 18

follicular

Question 19

the second half of the ovarian cycle is called the ____ phase

Answer 19

luteal

Question 20

the small rise in FSH stimulates:

Answer 20

6-10 primary follicles to develop into secondary follicles

Question 21

the plateauing of the estradiol during the luteal phase helps maintain a constant ____ feedback signal, which is embellished by the high levels of ___

Answer 21

negative, progesterone