Urinary System

Question 1

What are functions of the urine system?

Answer 1

It makes urine
It stabilizes blood pH
It prevents dehydration
It eliminates organic matter
Acts as a filter
It helps with blood pressure

Question 2

What is the really bad thing that the urine system helps get rid of?

Answer 2

Nitrogenous wastes

Question 3

What are the key organs of the Urinary system?

Answer 3

The kidneys
The Ureters
The Urinary bladder
The Urethra

Question 4

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 4

A nephron

Question 5

What sits on top of the kidneys?

Answer 5

The suprarenal/adrenal glands

Question 6

What are the three layers of connective tissue to protect kidneys?

Answer 6

The Fibrous capsule
The Adipose capsule/Perinephric fat
The Renal fascia

Question 7

What is the middle indentation of the kidney called?

Answer 7

The Hilum

Question 8

What occurs at the Hilum?

Answer 8

The Renal arteries enter and the Renal veins and ureters exit

Question 9

What are the three big sections of the Kidney (No Hilum)?

Answer 9

The Renal cortex
The Renal medulla
The Renal lobe

Question 10

Name the Renal Arteries?

Answer 10

Segmental Arteries
Interlobar Arteries
Arcuate Arteries
Cortical radiate Arteries

Question 11

What is the path of waste throughout the kidney?

Answer 11

It’s starts at the glomerular capsule(bowman’s capsule)
Then it’s travels through the PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule)
Then the nephron loop (loop of Henley)
Then through the DCT (Distal convoluted tubule)
Then through the collecting duct, the renal papilla, the minor and major calyx, the renal pelvis, and finally the ureter

Question 12

What are the three steps of urine formation?

Answer 12

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 13

What’s special about the descending portion of the nephron loop?

Answer 13

Water leaves and enters the bloodstream

Question 14

What are the capillaries surrounding the nephron loop called?

Answer 14

Vasa recta

Question 15

What is special about the ascending portion of the nephron loop?

Answer 15

It pumps ions out preventing loss of water

Question 16

What does the PCT do?

Answer 16

It absorbs organic nutrients ions and plasma proteins
It reabsorbs water into blood stream

Question 17

What are capillaries in the PCT called?

Answer 17

Peritubular capillaries

Question 18

What does the DCT do?

Answer 18

It selectively reabsorbs sodium and calcium ions
(Very little water absorption)

Question 19

What does the collecting duct do?

Answer 19

It collects from the DCT (duh)
Makes final adjustments to urine that’s about to exit kidneys

Question 20

What are the three cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

Answer 20

Macula densa cells
Juxtaglomerular/ Granular cells
Mesangial cells

Question 21

What does the Juxtaglomerular Complex produce?

Answer 21

Renin (involved in blood pressure regulation)
EPO (involved in erythrocyte production)

Question 22

What do the entry and exit of ureters form in the bladder?

Answer 22

They form the Trigone

Question 23

What are the three layers of the Ureters?

Answer 23

The inner mucosa
Middle muscular layer
Adventitious

Question 24

What are the three layers of smooth muscle in the Urinary bladder called?

Answer 24

The detrusor muscle

Question 25

What is the sphincter that holds the urinary bladder closed called?

Answer 25

The internal urethral sphincter

Question 26

What is the average size of a female urethra? A males?

Answer 26

A female urethra is 3-5 cm in length while a males is 18-20

Question 27

What are the three parts of the male urethra?

Answer 27

The prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra

Question 28

What is the urge to urinate called?

Answer 28

The micturition reflex

Question 29

How does the urinary system change as we age?

Answer 29

There are fewer nephrons
Less glomerular filtration
Micturition problems

Question 30

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 30

The Juxtamedullary nephron
The Cortical nephron