Basic Nervous System Flashcards
What does the Nervous system consist of?
All nervous tissue
What are the two main parts of the Nervous System?
The CNS (Central Nervous System) and PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
What are the two parts of the PNS?
The Autonomic Nervous System and the Somatic Nervous System
What are the two parts of the Autonomic division?
The Parasympathetic and Sympathetic division
What makes up the CNS?
The spinal cord and brain
What makes up the PNS?
All other nerves in the body
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
It moves skeletal muscles
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?
It helps maintain homeostasis
What saying is associated with the parasympathetic division?
Rest and Relaxation
(paRasympathetic)
What saying is associated with the sympathetic division?
Fight or Flight
What are the two types of cells found within the Nervous System?
Neurons and Neuroglia (Glial cells)
What is the function of a neuron? What is it made up of?
They can transfer information though the Nervous system
They are made up of axons, soma (cell body), and dendrites (Cannot reproduce)
What is the function of Neuroglia (glial cells)?
They support and protect neurons (They cannot send signals but can reproduce)
They act as phagocytes
They help maintain intercellular environment
What are the Neuroglia of the CNS?
Astrocytes (maintain BBB)
Oligodendrocytes (make myelin)
Microglia (Phagocytes)
Ependymal cells (line ventricles)
What are the Neuroglia of the PNS?
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
What are the parts of a Neuron? (In detail)
The Nucleus and Nucleolus
Ribosomes (clusters called Nissl bodies)
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Axon
Axon hillock
Axoplasm
Vesicles (containing neurotransmitters)
NO CENTROMERES (no reproduction)
What are the 3 ways to classify Neurons structurally?
Unipolar (One process)
Bipolar (Two processes)
Multipolar (Multiple processes)
What are the three ways to classify Neurons functionally?
Sensory (Afferent)
Motor (Efferent)
Interneuron (In CNS only)
What controls the speed of impulse?
The presence of myelin and the size of the axon
What are the types of synaptic junctions?
Neuromuscular (Neuron on muscle)
Neuroglandular (Neuron on gland)
Axodenritic (On dendritic of another neuron)
Axosomatic (On soma of another neuron)
Axoaxonic (On axon of another neuron)
How are Neurons organized in CNS?
The collection of cell body’s in one area creates gray matter
A bundle of axons in a area create white matter (called tracts and columns)
How are Neurons organized in PNS?
Cell bodies are found in ganglia
Axons are bundles together to form spinal nerves and cranial nerves
How many -chephalons are there?
5 in total
Telecephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
