Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
-Support/Protection
-Storage of minerals (Calcium and Phosphate ions)
-Blood cell production (In bone marrow [Mainly Femur])
-Provides site for muscle attachment
What are the 2 membrane linings if the skeletal system?
Outer Lining- Periosteum
Inner Lining- Endosteum
What is the solid matrix of the bone called?
Hydroxyapatite
What are the four main bone cells?
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
What are Osteoprogenitor cells and where are they found?
They are involved in repair and differentiate to form new bones. They can be found on the inner and outer surface of bones.
What are the function of Osteoclasts?
They secrete acids in order to dissolve bone (aka Osteolysis). They also release stored calcium and phosphate ions into blood.
What are Osteocytes?
Matured bone cells.
What are Osteoblasts and what do they do?
Immature bones cells on the inner and outer surface of bone that produce osteoids to create bone matrix. They can also convert to osteocytes.
What are the the “physis” of of a bone
Epiphysis (Ends of long bones), Diaphysis (Shafts of long bones), Metaphysis (Narrow growth zone between epiphysis an diaphysis)
What is the periosteum and what are its functions?
It’s the outer surface of a bone that isolates and protects, forms tendons, participates in bone growth and repair, and provide a route and place for circulatory and nervous supply.
What is the endosteum and what are its functions?
It’s the inner surface of a bone that lines the medullary cavity, consist of Osteoprogenitor cells, and is also involved in repair and growth of the bone.
What is the formation of bone called?
Osteogenesis
What is the process of old cartilage being replaced by bone called?
Ossification
What is the process of calcium ions being deposited into bone called?
Calcification
What are the 7 types of bone
Long bones
Flat bones
Short bones
Irregular bones
Sutural bones
Sesamoid bones
Pneumatized bones
