Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 1

The Epidermis (Top), The Dermis (Middle), and The Hypodermis (Bottom)

Question 2

What are the five layers of the Epidermis?

Answer 2

-Stratum Basale
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Grandulosum
-Stratum Lucidum (Only in Thick Skin)
-Stratum Corneum

Question 3

How many layers of the epidermis contain living Ketatinocytes?

Answer 3

The first three

Question 4

Describe the Stratum basale. What are the three cell types found within this layer?

Answer 4

The Stratum Basale is the deepest layer of the Epidermis and contains: Keratinocytes (produce keratin), Melanocytes (produce melanin and shield DNA), and Tactile cells (Corpuscles that respond to touch)

Question 5

Describe the Stratum Spinosum. What are the three cell types found within this layer?

Answer 5

The Stratum Spinosum is the second deepest layer of the Epidermis and contains: Stratified Keratinocytes, daughter cells from the Stratum Basle, and Langerhans cells (which are involved in immune response)

Question 6

Describe the Stratum Grandulosum.

Answer 6

The Stratum Grandulosum is the third deepest layer of the Epidermis and contains: 3 to 5 layers of Keratinocytes. This is also where the process of Keratinization begins (Nucleus and Organelles disintegrated, and cells die)

Question 7

Describe the Stratum Lucidum

Answer 7

The Stratum Lucidum is the second highest layer of the Epidermis only found in thick skin like palms of hands and soles of feet and is translucent due to a translucent protein called eledin

Question 8

Describe the Stratum Cornium

Answer 8

The Stratum Cornium is the highest layer of the Epidermis consisting of 20-30 layers of dead interlocking keratinized cells. The dried thickened surface is protective against abrasion and infection

Question 9

Describe the Dermis and what’s in it.

Answer 9

The Dermis is deep to the Epidermis and contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and arrector pili muscle

Question 10

What is the Papillary (Dermal pupilla)

Answer 10

It’s what provides fingerprints

Question 11

Describe the Hypodermis and it’s functions

Answer 11

The Hypodermis is not apart of the integumentary system and it’s main functions are protection, energy storage, and insulation. In addition it is a common drug injection site.

Question 12

What are the three types of hair?

Answer 12

Lanugo (Fine, unpigmented, downy hair found in unborn babies)
Vellus (Fine primary human hair found in upper and lower limbs)
Terminal (Courser, pigmented, and longer hair found in eyebrows, scalp, eyelashes, and mens beards) (During puberty vellus hair gets replaced by terminal hair in axillary and pubic regions)

Question 13

What are the three stages of hair growth?

Answer 13

Anagen (active phase), Catagen (brief regression period), Telogen (resting phase)

Question 14

What are the 4 different types of skin glands?

Answer 14

Sweat Glands (Merocrine & Apocrine), Sebaceous Glands (Hulocrine), Ceruminous Glands, and Mammary Glands

Question 15

What are Ceruminous Glands

Answer 15

Modified apocrine sweat glands in external ear canals that produce waterproof earwax (cerumen)

Question 16

What are Mammary Glands

Answer 16

Modified apocrine swear glands of breast that only function in pregnant and lactating individuals

Question 17

What are the 4 stages of wound healing?

Answer 17

1. Blood vessels bleed into wound
2. Blood clots form and leukocytes clean the wound
3. Blood vessels regrow and granulation tissue forms
4. Epithelium regenerates

Question 18

What are nails and what do they do?

Answer 18

Nails are scale like modifications of stratum corneum with a that protect finger tips and assist in grasping objects

Question 19

What are the parts of the fingernail?

Answer 19

The nail root comes from the nail matrix both under the skin, the nail body is the portion of the nail above the skin, the free edge is the portion of the nail that “hangs off the edge”, the lunula is the white semicircle at the base of the nail, the nail folds are skin of overlapping skin on the sides of the nail like how the cuticle lies at the base of the nail, the hyponychium is the thickened stratum corneum that lies beneath the free edge