Respitory Physiology

Question 1

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 1

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
The rib cage moves up and out
Volume of the lungs increase and ores decreases
Air flows into lungs

Question 2

What happens during expiration?

Answer 2

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm becomes done shaped
Rib cage moves downward and inwards
Volume of the lungs decrease and pressure increases
Air flows out of lungs

Question 3

What is spirometry?

Answer 3

It is a pulmonary function test

Question 4

What are the two categories of lung disorders?

Answer 4

Restrictive and Obstructive disorders

Question 5

What is sinusitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 5

It’s the blockage of sinuses. Upper

Question 6

What is otitis media? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 6

It’s an infection of the middle ear. Upper

Question 7

What is tonsillitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 7

It is inflammation of tonsils. Upper

Question 8

What is Laryngitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 8

It’s the infection of larynx that leads to loss of voice. Upper

Question 9

What is pneumonia? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 9

It’s an infection of lungs due to thick fluid build up. Lower

Question 10

What is tuberculosis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 10

It’s a bacterial infection that leads to tubercles. Lower

Question 11

What is Pulmonary fibrosis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 11

It’s when the lungs lose elasticity because fibrous contective tissue builds up in lungs (usually due to inhaled particles). Lower

Question 12

What is Emphysema? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 12

It’s a chronic, incurable disorder where the alveoli are damaged and provide less surface area for gas exchange. Lower

Question 13

What is Asthma? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 13

It’s where the bronchial tree becomes irritated causing breathlessness, wheezing, and coughing. Lower

Question 14

What is Lung cancer? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?

Answer 14

Uncontrolled cell division in lungs which can lead to death (often caused by smoking). Lower

Question 15

What does pneumothorax mean?

Answer 15

It’s when air enters the pleural cavity and creates a gap between the lung and pleura

Question 16

What is the small amount of air that moves in and out with each breath called?

Answer 16

The Tidal Volume (~500ml)

Question 17

What is the maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during one breath called?

Answer 17

The Vital Capacity (~4800ml)

Question 18

If you go beyond your normal breath to pull in or push out more oxygen what is that called?

Answer 18

The Inspiratory or Expiratory reserve volume

Question 19

What is the volume of air remaining after exhalation called?

Answer 19

The Residual Volume (~1200ml)

Question 20

What do restrictive disorders do? What do Obstructive disorders do?

Answer 20

Restrictive disorders reduce vital capacity (like lung tissue damage) while Obstructive disorders result in reduced respiration (Like asthma)

Question 21

What molecule helps transport carbon dioxide around the body? What molecule is formed?

Answer 21

H2O bonds with CO2 to make bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Question 22

What molecule helps transport oxygen around the body? What molecule is formed?

Answer 22

Hemoglobin helps transports oxygen through the bond by forming (HbO2)