Respitory Physiology Flashcards
What happens during inhalation?
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
The rib cage moves up and out
Volume of the lungs increase and ores decreases
Air flows into lungs
What happens during expiration?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm becomes done shaped
Rib cage moves downward and inwards
Volume of the lungs decrease and pressure increases
Air flows out of lungs
What is spirometry?
It is a pulmonary function test
What are the two categories of lung disorders?
Restrictive and Obstructive disorders
What is sinusitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s the blockage of sinuses. Upper
What is otitis media? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s an infection of the middle ear. Upper
What is tonsillitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It is inflammation of tonsils. Upper
What is Laryngitis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s the infection of larynx that leads to loss of voice. Upper
What is pneumonia? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s an infection of lungs due to thick fluid build up. Lower
What is tuberculosis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s a bacterial infection that leads to tubercles. Lower
What is Pulmonary fibrosis? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s when the lungs lose elasticity because fibrous contective tissue builds up in lungs (usually due to inhaled particles). Lower
What is Emphysema? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s a chronic, incurable disorder where the alveoli are damaged and provide less surface area for gas exchange. Lower
What is Asthma? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
It’s where the bronchial tree becomes irritated causing breathlessness, wheezing, and coughing. Lower
What is Lung cancer? Is it a upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
Uncontrolled cell division in lungs which can lead to death (often caused by smoking). Lower
What does pneumothorax mean?
It’s when air enters the pleural cavity and creates a gap between the lung and pleura
What is the small amount of air that moves in and out with each breath called?
The Tidal Volume (~500ml)
What is the maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during one breath called?
The Vital Capacity (~4800ml)
If you go beyond your normal breath to pull in or push out more oxygen what is that called?
The Inspiratory or Expiratory reserve volume
What is the volume of air remaining after exhalation called?
The Residual Volume (~1200ml)
What do restrictive disorders do? What do Obstructive disorders do?
Restrictive disorders reduce vital capacity (like lung tissue damage) while Obstructive disorders result in reduced respiration (Like asthma)
What molecule helps transport carbon dioxide around the body? What molecule is formed?
H2O bonds with CO2 to make bicarbonate (HCO3-)
What molecule helps transport oxygen around the body? What molecule is formed?
Hemoglobin helps transports oxygen through the bond by forming (HbO2)
