Articulations

Question 1

What are Articulations?

Answer 1

When two bones meet.

Question 2

What are the 4 ways bones can meet?

Answer 2

Direct contact
Cartilage
Fluid
Fibrous tissue

Question 3

What are the 2 different ways joints are classified?

Answer 3

Joints are classified by function or structure.

Question 4

What is the trade-off that happens with joints?

Answer 4

Mobility costs Strength and vise versa.

Question 5

What are the three ways to classify joints functionally?

Answer 5

Synarthrosis (Immovable joints)
Amphiarthrosis (Semi moving joints)
Diarthrosis (Free moving joints)

Question 6

What are some examples of Synarthosis?

Answer 6

Sutures (Joints in skull)
Gomphosis (Joint between teeth and jaw bones)
Synchondrosis (Joint within epiphysis of bone) (Growth plate)
Synostosis (Joint between two fused bones)

Question 7

What are some examples of Amphiarthroses?

Answer 7

Syndesmosis (Ligaments that connect two bones but limit motion)
Symphysis (Bones are separated by a pad of cartilage)

Question 8

What are some examples of Diarthroses? What are Diarthroses also called?

Answer 8

The Shoulder joint
The Elbow joint
The Hip joint
The Knee joint

Question 9

What are the 6 characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 9

The Joint Capsule
The Articular cartilages
The Joint cavity filled with Synovial fluid
The Synovial membrane
The accessory structures (Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons, Bursae sacs)
Sensory nerves and Blood vessels

Question 10

What does Synovial fluid do?

Answer 10

It Lubricates and reduces friction
It Nourishes chondrocytes
It acts as a Shock absorber

Question 11

What are the 4 categories of movement?

Answer 11

Linear movements
Angular movements
Rotational movements
Special movements

Question 12

What is a Linear movement?

Answer 12

A linear movement has two bones gliding past each other. (Like the carpal bones sliding past each other)

Question 13

What is an Angular movement?

Answer 13

An angular movement consist of Abduction/Adduction (Like swinging you leg to the side) or Flexion/Extension (Like kicking your leg out)

Question 14

What is a Rotational movement?

Answer 14

A rotational movement consists of Pronation/Supination (Like pitching a baseball)

Question 15

What is a Special movement?

Answer 15

A special movement consists of:
Inversion/Eversion (Pointing your feet in and out)
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (Being on your heels and tippy toes)
Lateral Flexion (Bringing your head to your shoulders)
Protraction/retraction (Moving your jaw back and forwards)
Opposition (Using your thumb to touch other fingers)
Depression/Elevation (Bringing your jaw up and down)

Question 16

What are the 6 ways to classify joints structurally?

Answer 16

Plane joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ellipsoidal or Condylar joints
Saddle joints
Ball and socket joints

Question 17

Describe Plane joints.

Answer 17

Monoaxial/unialaxial or Bilateral joints
(Ex. Carpals, Tarsals, Vertebrae)

Question 18

Describe Hinge joints.

Answer 18

Monoaxial joints
(Ex. Elbow, Knee)

Question 19

Describe Pivot joints?

Answer 19

Monoaxial joints (Rotational movements)
(Ex. Atlas & Axis)

Question 20

Describe Ellipsoidal or Condylar joints.

Answer 20

Biaxial Joints (Like joysticks)
(Ex. Fingers and Toes)

Question 21

Describe Saddle Joints

Answer 21

Biaxial Joints (matching surfaces)
(Ex. Base of thumb)

Question 22

Describe Ball and Socket joints.

Answer 22

Multiaxial joints
(Ex. Shoulder and Hip)

Question 23

What are the 3 Elbow ligaments you must know?

Answer 23

The Radial collateral ligament (Connects lateral epicondyle of humerus to radius)
The Ulnar collateral ligament
(Connects medial epicondyle of humerus to ulna)
Annular ligament
(Connects head of radius to ulna)

Question 24

What are the 6 ligaments of the Knee ligaments/tendon you must know?

Answer 24

The Tibial and Fibular collateral ligaments
The Quadraceps Tendon
The Patellar ligament
The Anterior and Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 25

What is Rheumatism?

Answer 25

Pain and Stiffness affecting the skeletal system, muscular system, or both

Question 26

What is Arthritis?

Answer 26

Includes all rheumatic diseases that affect Synovial joints